Calculating displacement from velocity-time graph

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To calculate displacement from a velocity-time graph, the area under the graph represents the total displacement. The formula for displacement combines the areas of different shapes formed by the graph. When dealing with negative velocity, it is essential to subtract the area corresponding to negative velocity from the area of positive velocity. The areas of interest are those between the velocity curve and the x-axis. Understanding how to handle both positive and negative areas is crucial for an accurate displacement calculation.
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Homework Statement


Basically they want me to find the displacement for the entire time interval on this graph.
The graph is in the attachment.



Homework Equations


Displacement is equal to the area under the graph. In this case d=LxW+(BxH)/2+(BxH)/2


The Attempt at a Solution


My attempted solution is included in the graph. I understand how to do these, my only problem is that I'm not sure what to do with the negative velocity. All the examples in my textbook only deal with positive velocity on problems like this one. I have the area of figure 3 but I'm not sure if I have to include the entire area under the line in figure 1 or just the positive part. With figure two I'm also not sure what to do.
 

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The areas you need lie in between the velocity curve and the x-axis. The only area you have drawn in your attachment that doesn't need rethinking is area #3. For a negative velocity you just subtract that area from the area you calculate for the positive velocity.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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