Calculating Eccentricity for an Elliptical Orbit

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the eccentricity of a satellite's orbit around a planet with a mass of 4 x 1020 kg, positioned at a distance of 107 m with a velocity of 40 m/s at a 30-degree angle. The correct eccentricity is determined to be 0.89. Key equations utilized include the mechanical energy equation (ME = KE + PE), kinetic energy (KE = 1/2 mv2), and potential energy (PE = -GMm/r). The relationship between eccentricity, semi-major axis, and semi-latus rectum is crucial for solving the problem.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of gravitational potential energy (PE = -GMm/r)
  • Knowledge of kinetic energy calculations (KE = 1/2 mv2)
  • Familiarity with the concept of eccentricity in orbital mechanics
  • Basic trigonometry for resolving velocity components
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the relationship between eccentricity and orbital parameters, focusing on semi-major axis and semi-latus rectum.
  • Learn how to apply the conservation of mechanical energy in orbital mechanics.
  • Explore advanced orbital dynamics, including the effects of varying mass and distance on eccentricity.
  • Review textbook examples on elliptical orbits and eccentricity calculations for practical applications.
USEFUL FOR

Students in physics or astronomy, particularly those studying orbital mechanics, as well as educators seeking to enhance their understanding of satellite motion and eccentricity calculations.

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Homework Statement


a satellite is set to orbit a planet of mass 4X 10^20 kg .
It is placed at a distance of separation of 10^7m with a velocity of 30 degrees to the line connecting the center of the planet and the satellite. What will be its eccentrity fo orbit? (Answer is .89)


Homework Equations


ME = KE + PE
KE = 1/2 mv^2
PE = -GMm/r

The Attempt at a Solution


I did 40m/s *sin (30) = vertical velocity.
Then, I plugged it into the equation -GMm/r = .5m(40m/s *sin (30))^2 + -GMm/r

I didn't get the answer though...
please help!
 
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help please
 
You may want to think (or read in your textbook) about how eccentricity (e) is related to the semi-major axis (a) and semi-latus rectum (p), and how those two again are related to the information you were given in the problem text.
 

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