Calculating Efficiency of Otto Cycle

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Discussion Overview

The discussion focuses on calculating the efficiency of an Otto cycle based on both theoretical and experimental data. Participants explore methods to determine actual efficiency using experimental measurements from a lab setup involving a single cylinder Otto cycle engine.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Experimental/applied

Main Points Raised

  • One participant presents theoretical efficiencies calculated using the compression ratio and specific heats, questioning how to derive actual experimental efficiencies.
  • Another participant agrees that the equation eff = 1 - (T4-T1)/(T3-T2) can be used to find actual efficiency.
  • Contrarily, a different participant argues that this equation would yield the efficiency of the ideal cycle, not the actual efficiency.
  • A participant inquires about how to calculate the energy input from fuel.
  • Another participant suggests that the energy from fuel can be determined by multiplying the calorific value by the fuel mass consumption, recommending to obtain calorific values from suppliers.
  • One participant acknowledges a mistake in their previous statement about the efficiency equation, reiterating that it pertains to an ideal cycle and suggests measuring fuel consumption for accurate calculations.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

There is disagreement regarding the applicability of the equation eff = 1 - (T4-T1)/(T3-T2) for calculating actual efficiency, with some participants supporting its use and others contesting it as applicable only to ideal cycles. The discussion remains unresolved on the best approach to calculate actual efficiency.

Contextual Notes

Participants express uncertainty about measuring fuel consumption rates and the setup required for accurate energy input calculations. There are also dependencies on specific definitions, such as calorific value, which may vary based on fuel type.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be useful for students and professionals involved in thermodynamics, engine efficiency analysis, and experimental physics related to internal combustion engines.

mblair90
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My team has recorded information on a single cylinder Otto cycle from a lab we have done. We are supposed to compare the theoretical efficiency of the cycle to the experimental efficiency. Using a given compression ratio of 3 and the ratio of specific heats for the fuels we used we were able to come up with theoretical efficiencies of 20% and 13.3% (from eff. = 1 - 1/r^(gamma - 1)). The question at hand is how to calculate the actual experimental efficiencies. What we did exactly was get the system running at a steady RPM then slowly apply a load to the system in order to measure horsepower. We recorded the RPM, HP, torque, air/fuel ratio, exhaust gas temperature, and cylinder head temperature during the runs. Would the equation eff = 1 - (T4-T1)/(T3-T2) be applicable to find the actual efficiency?
 
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Yes, eff = 1 - (T4-T1)/(T3-T2) should give you the actual efficiency.
 
No, that would give you the efficiency of the ideal cycle.

Your actual efficiency can be calculated from the power absorbed by your dyno and the amount of energy you're putting in as fuel.
 
Any info on how to calculate the energy from fuel?
 
The heat you're putting in as fuel is the calorific value (kJ/kg) multiplied by the fuel mass consumption.

Get your calorific value off the fuel supplier (or approximate it for 'shop' fuel).
 
brewnog said:
No, that would give you the efficiency of the ideal cycle.

Your actual efficiency can be calculated from the power absorbed by your dyno and the amount of energy you're putting in as fuel.
Correct, my mistake. That expression comes out of an ideal cycle.

I was going to suggest figuring the actual energy from fuel, but in the back of my mind I was thinking they may not be set up to measure fuel consumption rate. A simple flow meter would do, however, or even change in tank level per unit time.
 

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