Calculating NaOH dissociation entalphy problem

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the calculation of the enthalpy change (ΔrH) for the dissociation of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) into its ions. The standard enthalpy of formation values used were ΔfH (NaOH) = -425 kJ/mol, ΔfH (OH-(aq)) = -230 kJ/mol, and ΔfH (Na+(aq)) = +242 kJ/mol. The calculation yielded a ΔrH of +435.12 kJ/mol, indicating an endothermic reaction, which contradicts the known exothermic nature of NaOH dissociation. The confusion arose from the misinterpretation of the sign for ΔfH (Na+(aq)), which should be positive, leading to a reevaluation of the calculation.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamic concepts, specifically enthalpy changes.
  • Familiarity with standard enthalpy of formation values.
  • Knowledge of ionic dissociation in aqueous solutions.
  • Basic principles of exothermic and endothermic reactions.
NEXT STEPS
  • Review the concept of standard enthalpy of formation in detail.
  • Study the hydration enthalpy of ions, particularly for small ions like Na+ and OH-.
  • Learn about exothermic vs. endothermic reactions and their implications in chemical processes.
  • Explore the use of Hess's law in calculating enthalpy changes for reactions.
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Chemistry students, educators, and professionals involved in thermodynamics and reaction energetics will benefit from this discussion.

tester.dla.mmc
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NaOH dissociation is exothermic so ΔH<0

But when I have a reaction
NaOH(s) => Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

and count ΔrH using standard entalphy change of formation:
ΔfH (NaOH) = -425 kj/mol
ΔfH (OH-(aq)) = -230 kj/mol
ΔfH (Na+(aq)) = +242 kj/mol
Data from Atkins phisical chemistry basics

ΔrH= ΔfH (products) - ΔfH (substrates) = (-230 + 240,12) - (-425) = +435,12 kj/mol
From this calculation it seems that reaction is pretty endothermic and that's surely not true.

Can someone tell me where am I making mistake ?
 
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tester.dla.mmc said:
ΔfH (Na+(aq)) = +242 kj/mol

And not -242 kJ/mol?

http://chemistry.about.com/od/chartstables/a/heatoformions.htm

Generally speaking hydration of small ions is quite exothermic, so this positive value looks suspicious.

BTW: you count fingers, but you calculate amount. Number of fingers - liczba palców, amount of water - ilość wody, palce są przeliczalne, ilość jest nieprzeliczalna.
 
Thanks for so fast response.

ΔfH (Na+(aq)) value in my book was given without sign (probably author just forgot about it) and I assumed that it must be positive since losing electron is usually positive (didn't take into consideration that is't (aq) ion) but now everything makes much more sense.

Thank you
 

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