Calculating the time derivative of <p>

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around proving the time derivative of the expectation value of momentum in quantum mechanics, specifically as stated in Griffiths' "Quantum Mechanics." The original poster attempts to derive the expression involving the potential energy gradient and is working through the implications of the Schrödinger equation.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Mathematical reasoning, Assumption checking

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants discuss the integration of terms derived from the Schrödinger equation and question the conditions under which certain boundary terms vanish. The original poster expresses difficulty in proving that a specific term integrates to zero, prompting others to suggest considerations regarding the behavior of the wave function at infinity.

Discussion Status

The discussion includes attempts to clarify the integration process and the conditions necessary for boundary terms to be zero. Some participants provide insights regarding the behavior of the wave function, indicating a productive exploration of assumptions related to the problem.

Contextual Notes

There is an emphasis on the requirement that the wave function and its derivatives tend to zero at infinity, which is crucial for the integration process being discussed. The original poster acknowledges a misunderstanding regarding the nature of the expectation value as an integral over the entire space.

SplinterCell
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Homework Statement


Problem 1.7 in Griffiths "Quantum Mechanics" asks to prove
$$\frac{d\left \langle p \right \rangle}{dt}=\left \langle -\frac{\partial V}{\partial x} \right \rangle$$

Homework Equations


Schrödinger equation

The Attempt at a Solution


I was able to arrive at the correct expression for the integrand:
$$\frac{\partial }{\partial t} \left(\Psi^\ast \frac{\partial \Psi}{\partial x} \right )=\frac{i \hbar}{2m}\left[\Psi^\ast \frac{\partial^3 \Psi}{\partial x^3} -\frac{\partial^2 \Psi^\ast }{\partial x^2}\frac{\partial \Psi}{\partial x}\right ]-\frac{i}{\hbar}\left |\Psi \right |^2 \frac{\partial V}{\partial x}$$
The only thing left here is to prove that the first term integrates to zero. The solution manual suggests integrating by parts twice. However I fail to get zero. Here's what I tried:
$$\int \left(\Psi^\ast \frac{\partial^3 \Psi}{\partial x^3} -\frac{\partial^2 \Psi^\ast }{\partial x^2}\frac{\partial \Psi}{\partial x} \right ) dx = \Psi^\ast \frac{\partial^2 \Psi}{\partial x^2} - \int \left (\frac{\partial \Psi^\ast}{\partial x} \frac{\partial^2 \Psi}{\partial x^2}\right ) dx - \int \left (\frac{\partial \Psi}{\partial x} \frac{\partial^2 \Psi^\ast}{\partial x^2}\right ) dx =\\= \Psi^\ast \frac{\partial^2 \Psi }{\partial x^2} - \frac{\partial \Psi}{\partial x}\frac{\partial \Psi^\ast}{\partial x}$$
Which isn't necessarily equal to zero. Any suggestions?
 
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Your boundary terms should be zero. You are just taking the primitive function, not actually integrating.
 
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SplinterCell said:
$$ \Psi^\ast \frac{\partial^2 \Psi }{\partial x^2} - \frac{\partial \Psi}{\partial x}\frac{\partial \Psi^\ast}{\partial x}$$
Which isn't necessarily equal to zero. Any suggestions?

It's not sufficient for ##\Psi## to be square integrable, but if it's well enough behaved then those boundary terms will be zero. In other words, assume that ##\Psi## and all its derivatives tend to zero at ##\pm \infty##.
 
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PeroK said:
It's not sufficient for ##\Psi## to be square integrable, but if it's well enough behaved then those boundary terms will be zero. In other words, assume that ##\Psi## and all its derivatives tend to zero at ##\pm \infty##.
Orodruin said:
Your boundary terms should be zero. You are just taking the primitive function, not actually integrating.
Thank you both. I forgot that the expectation value is actually an integral from -infinity to +infinity and not some indefinite integral.
 

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