Calculation of the hour angle of the Sun

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The hour angle of the Sun at sunset can be calculated using the equation cos H = -tan(a)tan(d), where H represents the hour angle, a is the latitude, and d is the solar declination angle. The discussion highlights that the hour angle at sunset is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to that at sunrise. It also addresses the calculation of the change in hour angle over time and clarifies that the difference between the hour angles at sunrise and sunset does not equal π radians due to the cyclical nature of solar declination throughout the year.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of trigonometric functions, specifically cosine and tangent.
  • Familiarity with solar declination and its seasonal variations.
  • Knowledge of latitude's impact on solar angles.
  • Basic calculus concepts for rate of change calculations.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the solar declination angle and its annual cycle.
  • Learn about the implications of latitude on solar position calculations.
  • Study the derivation and applications of the sunrise equation.
  • Explore the concept of the analemma and its relevance to solar angles.
USEFUL FOR

Astronomers, meteorologists, solar energy engineers, and anyone interested in the mathematical modeling of solar positions and their implications for various applications.

jones123
Messages
10
Reaction score
0
Hi all,

According to the sunrise equation, the hour angle of the sun at sunset is:

cos H = -tan(a)tan(d)
where H = the hour angle, a = latitude and d = solar declination angle.

This equation says that H at sunset = -H at sunrise. Now, I have a few questions concerning that:

1) I was wondering how you could calculate the change of the hour angle in between...? So,

dH/dt = d(H at sunset - H at sunrise)/(time of sunset - time or sunrise)...?

2) I was calculating some values and found that, for example,

when the sun rises with at an hour angle of -1.641 radians, it must go down at the angle of +1.641 rad, but if you calculate the difference between both it is not equal to pi (or 180 degrees)? How does that come?

Thanks already!
 
Astronomy news on Phys.org
jones123 said:
when the sun rises with at an hour angle of -1.641 radians, it must go down at the angle of +1.641 rad, but if you calculate the difference between both it is not equal to pi (or 180 degrees)? How does that come?
The solar declination will cycle once per year through the seasons. The equinox is when the day and night are of equal length, which is when there will be a Pi radian difference between sunrise and sunset.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunrise_equation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analemma
 
Last edited:

Similar threads

  • · Replies 16 ·
Replies
16
Views
8K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
3K
  • · Replies 12 ·
Replies
12
Views
2K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
3K
  • · Replies 9 ·
Replies
9
Views
3K
Replies
1
Views
1K
  • · Replies 25 ·
Replies
25
Views
7K