Can a thunderstorm affect a satellite in low earth orbit?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the potential effects of thunderstorms on satellites in low Earth orbit (LEO), particularly focusing on electromagnetic interactions and the shielding effects of the atmosphere. Participants explore the implications of static electric charges in clouds and the altitude of satellites in relation to thunderstorms.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that satellites could be subject to detectable magnetic forces from clouds due to their high speed, questioning the interaction between thunderstorms and satellites.
  • Another participant clarifies the distinction between "detect" and "affect," noting the brief time a satellite spends over a thunderstorm and its altitude.
  • A third participant mentions that satellite electronics require shielding from space radiation, indicating that thunderstorms are not the only concern for satellite protection.
  • One participant reiterates the initial question about magnetic forces and adds that thunderstorms disturb the atmosphere only up to about 15 km, while LEO satellites orbit above 400 km, suggesting that the ionosphere would attenuate electromagnetic interactions.
  • It is noted that the solar wind poses more significant issues for LEO satellites than thunderstorms do.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the impact of thunderstorms on satellites, with some emphasizing the altitude and shielding effects while others focus on the potential for detectable interactions. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the extent of any effects thunderstorms may have on satellites.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights limitations related to the assumptions about electromagnetic interactions and the specific conditions under which satellites operate, including altitude and atmospheric effects.

Wo Wala Moiz
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Clouds build up strong static electric charges. Magnetism is an emergent phenomenon of the length contraction of electric fields. Due to the strength of EM interaction, even very slow movement can result in strong magnetic fields, such as that caused by electrons moving at drift speed through the wires of electromagnets.

So, wouldn't satellites be subject to easily detectable magnetic forces from clouds due to their high speed around the earth, if they were to pass over a thunderstorm?
 
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Well ... sure.

But "detect" and "affect" are very different animals.

Also note: a satellite, travelling at 5 miles per second, will only be over a typical thunderstorm for about 6 seconds. And it's about 90 miles above it.
 
Wo Wala Moiz said:
So, wouldn't satellites be subject to easily detectable magnetic forces from clouds due to their high speed around the earth, if they were to pass over a thunderstorm?
Thunderstorms disturb the atmosphere up to about 15 km.

LEO satellites orbit well above that, at an altitude above 400 km.

The ionosphere is a conductive layer of the atmosphere, that lies between about 100 km and 300 km above the surface. The ionosphere will significantly attenuate and shield the electromagnetic interactions between thunderstorms and satellites.

The solar wind interacts with the ionosphere, and causes more problems for LEO satellites than do thunderstorms.
 
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