Can Cosmic Inflation and String Theory change fundamental laws?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the possibility of fundamental laws and constants changing between universes as proposed by theories such as string theory and cosmological inflation. Participants explore the implications of these theories on the nature of the multiverse and the stability of fundamental laws of physics.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested, Exploratory, Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether any version of string theory or cosmological inflation allows for changes in fundamental laws between universes, suggesting that while effective laws may vary, fundamental laws like conservation of energy should remain constant.
  • The same participant references Andrei Linde's work on inflationary theory, which posits that different regions of the universe could have varying low-energy physics, potentially allowing for a multiverse with diverse laws.
  • Another participant expresses a strong belief in a single universe, dismissing the concept of the multiverse as "mumbo jumbo." This sentiment is echoed and reiterated in subsequent posts.
  • A different viewpoint asserts that while some laws can change, the most fundamental laws cannot, arguing that if changes were governed by string theory, it would lead to a logical contradiction.
  • This participant also introduces the idea that "relatively fundamental" laws could change, distinguishing them from the most fundamental laws.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

There is a clear disagreement among participants regarding the existence of a multiverse and the potential for fundamental laws to change. Some participants advocate for the possibility of varying laws across universes, while others firmly reject this notion, asserting the existence of only one universe.

Contextual Notes

Participants express differing interpretations of the implications of string theory and cosmological inflation, with some highlighting the lack of clarity in existing theories regarding fundamental law changes. The discussion remains unresolved regarding specific versions of these theories that could allow such changes.

Suekdccia
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TL;DR
Is there any version of string theory or cosmological inflation that allows the most fundamental laws and constants change between universes?
Is there any version of string theory or cosmological inflation that allows the most fundamental laws and constants change between universes?

String Theory and Cosmological Inflation are two theories or models that allow multiple universes to exist. Laws and constants of physics could change between one universe and another one. But the most fundamental laws of nature (like conservation of energy) would remain the same. In other words, while effective laws of physics would change, fundamental laws would stay the same.

For example, Andrei Linde is one of the most prominent physicists that propose that inflation theory is true. In one of his articles (Inflation, Quantum Cosmology and the Anthropic Principle) (link: https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0211048) he says:

Inflationary theory allows our universe to be divided into different parts with different laws of low-energy physics that are allowed by the unique fundamental theory. Most importantly, it makes each of such domains exponentially large, which is a necessary part of justification of the anthropic principle. The diversity of possible laws of physics can be very high,especially in the models of eternal chaotic inflation where quantum fluctuations can have an extremely large amplitude, which makes the transition between all possible states particularly easy. In addition to that, one can consider different universes with different laws of physics in each of them. This does not necessarily require introduction of quantum cosmology, many-world interpretation of quantum mechanics, and baby universe theory. It is sufficient to consider an extended action represented by a sum of all possible actions of all possible theories in all possible universes. One may call this structure a ‘multiverse.’
This seem to indicate that in inflation theory we could also consider or include universes where not only low-energy laws of physics would be different, but also more fundamental ones. The problem is that the author does not clarify and does not indicate whether is it there any specific version of inflation theory that allows this.

So is it there any well-known version of any of these theories (cosmological inflation or string theory) that would allow even these fundamental laws to change between universes? Or there is no specific version, and Linde was just speculating about making possible and hypothetical models of inflation where this could happen?
 
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For me there's only one universe, all that exists.

The multiverse is just another mambo jambo.
 
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MathematicalPhysicist said:
For me there's only one universe, all that exists.

The multiverse is just another mambo jambo.

Mumbo jumbo?
 
Suekdccia said:
Is there any version of string theory or cosmological inflation that allows the most fundamental laws and constants change between universes?
No. Some laws can change, but the most fundamental laws cannot. For instance, if the change is governed by string theory then the laws of string theory cannot change, for otherwise we would have a logical contradiction that the change both is and isn't governed by the laws of string theory.

However, some "relatively fundamental" laws, which are not the most fundamental ones, can change.
 

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