Can Evolution Theory Be Falsified?

[PIT2]

Exactly how can evolution theory be falsified?

 

[arildno]

What particular aspect are you asking about?

 

[russ_watters]

Discovery of a fossil of a modern human who lived 3 billion years ago (etc.) would falsify the theory of evolution.

At this point, though, the evidence is so complete that such a thing would not fit with the evidence we have. There isn't really any room left for any new evidence to completely falsify it, beyond God himself announcing he's been screwing with us.

 

[PIT2]

I mean NS + random mutation as the mechanism that causes the evolution of species.

 

[PIT2]

Discovery of a fossil of a modern human who lived 3 billion years ago (etc.) would falsify the theory of evolution.

Would that falsify the idea that that being came about through NS + random mutations, or would it just screw up the evolutionary timeline that we've reconstructed?

 

[arildno]

As for NS working, that's just AS working in the absence of selective factors introduced by humans. (alternatively, AS is NS with a few human-introduced selection factors thrown in)

 

[NateTG]

Well, for humans at least, there are definitely non-genetic methods for evolution - for example, cultural ones. Of course, that sort of evolution is not likely to be expressed as species variety.

Notably, because gestation enviorments have a very strong invfluence on development, there could also be self-selecting behavioral evolution for non-human creatures. It's unclear to me whether this would qualify for species distinction.

Regarding 'super-ancient' human corpses:
The theory of random mutation + natural selection makes some fairily strong predictions about the rate of genetic variation. The existence of a billion-year old human corpse is, at best, problematic in light of those predictions. You might find the following entertaining:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y-chromosomal_Adam

 

[kmarinas86]

Discovery of a fossil of a modern human who lived 3 billion years ago (etc.) would falsify the theory of evolution.

At this point, though, the evidence is so complete that such a thing would not fit with the evidence we have. There isn't really any room left for any new evidence to completely falsify it, beyond God himself announcing he's been screwing with us.

I don't see how a 30 billion year old fossil with all the features of a modern human found "somewhere" would falsify evolution any more than the discovery of a "fossil of an alien species" that "appears to be 30 billion years old" found in the "same place".

In the mean time, if you allow manipulation by an advanced extraterrestial race, you pretty much can't prove the past worth a damn. By considering such manipulation, you must divorce history from science completely and absolutely, and as a result, the slightest historical fact would become 100% philosophy. For example, just ask any Moon Hoax or WTC/Pentagon conspiracy theorist.

 

[selfAdjoint]

As I've said before, finding that our DNA encodes a message like "Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. (R) Pat. Applied For" would do it.

 

[Rade]

...I mean NS + random mutation as the mechanism that causes the evolution of species...

The word "evolution" in a biological context refers to changes in gene frequencies (e.g., the gene pool) over time. Evolution is a process, not a thing. [Natural selection + random mutation] is but one of many ways gene frequencies within a gene pool can change over time. To understand this you must learn the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Law--there are ten of them, violation of anyone of which will result in "evolution". So, if you limit your concept of "evolution" to [NS + mutation] your concept of evolution can be, and has been, falsified.

 

[PIT2]

As I've said before, finding that our DNA encodes a message like "Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. (R) Pat. Applied For" would do it.

Why couldn't that have arisen by random mutations + ns?
Especially since there were billions of years of time for it to have happened...

Also, isn't this the same argument as the one creationists use:

"it looks designed, so it couldn't have evolved he way evolution theory claims it did"

 

[PIT2]

So, if you limit your concept of "evolution" to [NS + mutation] your concept of evolution can be, and has been, falsified.

Could u give an example of how it has been falsified?

 

[selfAdjoint]

So, if you limit your concept of "evolution" to [NS + mutation] your concept of evolution can be, and has been, falsified.

Could u give an example of how it has been falsified?

Neutral evolution - which does happen - is mutation without NS. And some NS affects the expression of genes rather than new genes (those industrial landscape birds in England). So the necessary linkage of NS and mutation in a naive view of evolution has been falsified. Therefore no properly informed evolutionist holds that view any more. Neutral evolution was a BIG innovation when it came out.

 

[scott_alexsk]

Plastic Theory states that species are essentially like plastic in that they are only able to change slightly, but not significantly (as in devolping new appendages). This theory also seems to have the backing of several former evolutionists who say that significant changes to alter mice in a meaningful way have failed repeatedly in labs. I have seen this theory in only one place and if you wish to see the link I can post it.
-scott

 

[PIT2]

Neutral evolution - which does happen - is mutation without NS. And some NS affects the expression of genes rather than new genes (those industrial landscape birds in England). So the necessary linkage of NS and mutation in a naive view of evolution has been falsified. Therefore no properly informed evolutionist holds that view any more. Neutral evolution was a BIG innovation when it came out.

Ok, so the evolution of species through random mutations and NS has been falsified, and now properly informed evolutionists have put neutral evolution into the equation aswell.

Is there any way to falsify this new equation?

 

[PIT2]

Plastic Theory states that species are essentially like plastic in that they are only able to change slightly, but not significantly (as in devolping new appendages). This theory also seems to have the backing of several former evolutionists who say that significant changes to alter mice in a meaningful way have failed repeatedly in labs. I have seen this theory in only one place and if you wish to see the link I can post it.
-scott

Alright post the link, but failing to alter mice doesn't sound like something that falsifies what this topic is about.

 

[arildno]

No, read SA's post again. That is not at all what he means!

 

[PIT2]

No, read SA's post again. That is not at all what he means!

Oops i read over a section.

Neutral evolution - which does happen - is mutation without NS. And some NS affects the expression of genes rather than new genes (those industrial landscape birds in England). So the necessary linkage of NS and mutation in a naive view of evolution has been falsified. Therefore no properly informed evolutionist holds that view any more. Neutral evolution was a BIG innovation when it came out.

So (i read it again), and now we have:
1. rm + ns (falsified)
2. rm (falsified)
3. ns acting on gene expression (falsified)

1,2,3 together (not falsified)

So how can 1,2,3 together be falsified?
Btw i have a feeling that this list is going to get longer and longer, so i will just describe what I am getting at: i want to know how all of evolution theory's known mechanisms combined can be falsified. To be more specific, i mean the modern evolutionary synthesis, also known as neodarwinism: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_evolutionary_synthesis

 

[scott_alexsk]

I would like to first state that the paper in question is a rebuttal to another paper concerning marco-evolution. The author does not challenge mirco-evolution but focuses solely on marco-evolution. I first noticed this paper on this site when someone (I believe a few weeks ago) posted it.

http://www.trueorigin.org/theobald1f.asp"

Here is the link. Most of the stuff concerning plastic theory is in the rebuttal for point 28, but there is also additional material in several other points on that page. Much of this paper is too deep for me, but this still seems like one of the more convincing arguments.
-scott

 

[iansmith]

I would like to first state that the paper in question is a rebuttal to another paper concerning marco-evolution. The author does not challenge mirco-evolution but focuses solely on marco-evolution. I first noticed this paper on this site when someone (I believe a few weeks ago) posted it.

http://www.trueorigin.org/theobald1f.asp"

Here is the link. Most of the stuff concerning plastic theory is in the rebuttal for point 28, but there is also additional material in several other points on that page. Much of this paper is too deep for me, but this still seems like one of the more convincing arguments.
-scott

True origin is a creationism website and a rebuttal for the arguments made in the direct page(s) was made.
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/comdesc/camp.html

 

[Danniel]

Exactly how can evolution theory be falsified?

By the known organisms around the world not being fit with what is known of the possibilities of modification in descent.

Rather than all the taxonomic groups we got, that are possible of being orgainzed in a phylogenetic "tree of life", we could be in a scenario where no one could possibly defend, based on evidence, that a certain hypothetical phylogeny is significantly better than any other one.*

More or less like how you prove that a jigsaw puzzle of a specific picture is in fact a jigsaw puzzle of this picture, or a jigsaw puzzle at all, you got to eventually assemble it, and even if you do not got the whole picture with all the pieces in the right place, at some point of assemblage would be unlikely that what is showing is just by a coincidence something that looks a lot like a very specific picture cut into pieces. In the other hand, if you do not got a real jigsaw puzzle, you could indefinitely try many assemblages but none would be significantly better than any other.

Putting the analogy in the real world, the organism's traits would not be distributed according with a phylogeny, but randomly with respect with that. Could be totally random, or in another pattern, anyway, such as teleological, i.e., structure following function, then you could have both bats and birds with bird wings and feathers, for example. The same applies to many other traits, from morphology to more basic biochemistry.




That is the falsification for universal common descent (independently of specific mechanisms of evolution, the only assumption is that evolution is descent with modification more or less like the one that took place with dog breeds in the possibilities, ie, what is known and witnessed in the matter of biological descent, rather than supposing that is possible to suddenly a dog born with bird wings in his back or something), which is what I thought that was being asked at the beginning. There's no such thing as a single falsification for everything that is accepted in the field of evolution, the same way that there´s no "falsification for ecology", or a "falsification for cardiology", etc.


_________________
*actually, this happens sometimes, but with more specific groups, rather than in general; for example, is pretty hard to know the exact phylogeny of dog breeds, but there's no doubt that they descend from a common ancestor. The things get better with the more data is used to trace the phylogeny. But with more scarce data (such as, only morphology from fossils), there are cases in which there are many equally evidenced relationships. But again, that occurs with relationships within, for example, dromaeusarids (Velociraptor & kin), rather than mess with higher taxonomic groups, such as platypus being equally evidenced as closely related with ducks and monotremes...

 

[scott_alexsk]

I forgot to mention that but if you look, the rebuttal only refers to the first five points, of which none concern plastic theory. Anyways if you refer to the link and point 28, I am concerned whether or not you think this former evolutionist has a legit argument.
-scott

 

[arildno]

Oops i read over a section.



So (i read it again), and now we have:
1. rm + ns (falsified)
2. rm (falsified)
3. ns acting on gene expression (falsified)

1,2,3 together (not falsified)

So how can 1,2,3 together be falsified?
Btw i have a feeling that this list is going to get longer and longer, so i will just describe what I am getting at: i want to know how all of evolution theory's known mechanisms combined can be falsified. To be more specific, i mean the modern evolutionary synthesis, also known as neodarwinism: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_evolutionary_synthesis

Again, INCORRECT!
What has been falsified, is the NECESSARY linkage between rm and ns, that is the idea that it is impossible to have the one without the other!

It does not at all follow from this that rm+ns is falsified as an evolutionary mechanism, it is even perfectly consistent with the statement that rm+ns remains the DOMINANT evolutionary mechanism.

 

[Rade]

...i want to know how all of evolution theory's known mechanisms combined can be falsified. To be more specific, i mean the modern evolutionary synthesis, also known as neodarwinism: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_evolutionary_synthesis

Dear PIT2. The answer to your question is the equation known as the Hardy-Weinberg Equation (many have elevated this to a Law). From ~ 1903 to 1935 the study of evolution fell into decline. Hardy (a mathematician) and Weinberg (a physician) asked this question--what would theory of evolution predict of a population (a large population) where there was "random" mating with 0.0 % "natural selection" ? What they concluded was that the gene frequencies in such a population would "not" change over time (e.g., no evolution--what you search for--the case showing how all of evolution theory known mechanisms can be falsified). This equation became the cornerstone of neodarwinism. Here is the equation fyi--you cannot understand "theory of evolution" unless you understand the implications of this equation:

p^2(A1A1)+2pg(A1A2)+q^2(A2A2)=1​

where A1 & A2 are two alleles at a single gene locus, p & q represent the frequencies of A1 and A2 alleles in the population. Here are some links for you to study to help you see how biologists attempt to answer your question:
http://www.tiem.utk.edu/~gross/bioed/bealsmodules/hardy-weinberg.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy-Weinberg_principle

 

[PIT2]

Again, INCORRECT!
What has been falsified, is the NECESSARY linkage between rm and ns, that is the idea that it is impossible to have the one without the other!

Thats what meant said with "1. rm + ns (falsified)".
The + stands for the necessary linkage between the two.

 

[PIT2]

what would theory of evolution predict of a population (a large population) where there was "random" mating with 0.0 % "natural selection" ? What they concluded was that the gene frequencies in such a population would "not" change over time (e.g., no evolution--what you search for--the case showing how all of evolution theory known mechanisms can be falsified).

Interesting law, i hadnt seen it before.
Just a question: does neutral evolution falsify the hardy-weinberg law?

This equation became the cornerstone of neodarwinism. Here is the equation fyi--you cannot understand "theory of evolution" unless you understand the implications of this equation:

p^2(A1A1)+2pg(A1A2)+q^2(A2A2)=1​

where A1 & A2 are two alleles at a single gene locus, p & q represent the frequencies of A1 and A2 alleles in the population. Here are some links for you to study to help you see how biologists attempt to answer your question:
http://www.tiem.utk.edu/~gross/bioed/bealsmodules/hardy-weinberg.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy-Weinberg_principle

I don't fully understand the hardy-weinberg law yet, but let me give a simplified version of what (i think) they stated:

1+2+3+4+5 = no evolution
(1,2,3,etc. are the assumptions of how the population behaves, taken from the introduction paragraph of the first link in ur post. Also see the list below).

In other words, this law states that if we do not have the neodarwinist mechanisms(the assumptions) and do get evolution of species, then neodarwinism is falsified. Now if this happened and 1+2+3+4+5 did result in evolution, how would we know one of the assumption hasnt been violated and that one or more of the mechanisms are actually at work?

Specifically, how can we test by experiment that:
1) a population is large (i.e., there is no genetic drift)
2) there is no gene flow between populations, from migration or transfer of gametes
3) a populations mutations are negligible
4) a populations individuals are mating randomly
5) natural selection is not operating on the population

Some of these could be a bit impossible to show to be happening, couldn't they?
(for example: nr.3 and 5)

 

[selfAdjoint]

what would theory of evolution predict of a population (a large population) where there was "random" mating with 0.0 % "natural selection" ? What they concluded was that the gene frequencies in such a population would "not" change over time (e.g., no evolution--what you search for--the case showing how all of evolution theory known mechanisms can be falsified).

Reread this and see that it is no criticism of Darwinian evolution at all. If you POSIT no selection in a population then of COURSE you get no evolution, Rather the population settles down to an equilibrium state, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Darwinian evolution is variation with natural selection; variation without selection is just not a case of Darwinian evolution.

"Neutral" evolution may obey the Hardy-Weinberg law, indeed that regualarity could underlie the "genetic clock". But I don't really know.

 

[Danniel]

about the point 28 of the creationist site, the limitations of change.

They do exist, but still is not the creationist "kind" limit way, like fixed boundaries of possible change. Think instead of small boundaries of possible change that move along with the populations as they change, but that at the same time, vary in radius and even shape, as more variables are taken into account.

As all the changes will occur within a boundary of possibilities, all immediately possible next changes will not be much further beyond what whatever the population already was at first, most of the possible change is still coincident with the earlier possible change. More or less like, if you take the King in a chessboard, you move it one square at some direction, then in the next movement you can take it back where it was, or in four squares to which it was adjacent before, or remain in the same place in this move, totalizing 6 possibilities where the king would not move beyond squares that were at its reach at the earlier turn, and only 3 possible movements that would place the king further than that. And yet, not that further. But, at the same time, it may even not be possible to move the king at all as it would be in check, which could be considered weakly analogous to what natural selection does with the "wrong" change.

There is some other stuff that looks a bit more like permanent boundaries of possible change. Some organisms are constructed in a certain way that simply permit more drastic degrees of morphologic change, and would yet be functional, or could be at least mildly malfunctional to non-harmful unuseful and later be made functional or trimmed by natural selection acting on variations. Other organisms develop in a way that equivalent degrees of change would more likely be totally unfit. Arthropods are more or less in the first group, and terrestrial vertebrates more to the second.

Think of an extra pair of legs growing in a arthropod. Is possible that it would not be fit at all, but could as well be something just like spider's palps; a fifth pair of legs that are used more or less as hands or lips, that take the food to their mouths. I'm not very sure, but I think that spider's palps are anatomically dwarfed legs; perhaps, even their chelicera (more or less analogous with mandibles) is something like just the later segments of legs, but more modified, more or less like with big "nails" forming their fangs. At the same time, something like an extra pair of legs growing into any terrestrial vertebrate, specially in its head, seems much more unlikely to succeed.

And similar things that did go right in both in "lower" and in "higher" animals usually have more drastic effects on lower ones. Neoteny and paedomorphosis, for example. In salamanders (which I'm considering here somewhat in a middle point between "lower" and "higher" animals), evolved some species that achieve sexual maturity retaining their larval form, so they're permanently aquatic, rather than becoming amphibious; humans are thought to be somewhat pedomorphic, retaining some patterns of primate infant development for more time. Look for baby chimp´s head shape, and you'll see that they're more or less of the same shape and proportions of human babies, and also, like humans, are not prognathic as older primates are. This happens to be somewhat of a great change, since permitted bigger brains and etc, but still, some creationists (oddly, coming from them) consider humans and apes creatures yet of the same "kind". But now think of a butterfly and a catterpillar. If someone does not know that these are developmental stages of the same animal, hardly they would classify them in the same "kind". And at the same time, would be theoreticaly possible to evolve a neotenic/paedomorphic caterpillar, that never develops into a butterfly (I might be wrong, but I think that there's one species where only the male becomes a butterfly, but I'm not sure at all). ertebrates themselves, are thought to have evolved from paedomorphic forms of tunicates.

Another chess analogy would be that some gruops of living organisms are more like queens, rooks and bishops, while others are like kings, pawns and knighs (which is somewhat a bad analogy if taken too literaly, since a queen will always be a queen, and only pawns are promoted, "evolve" to whatever else, but I think that everyone can get the idea). Other analogy could be that some organisms are more like "lego" in which you can nearly free assembly many things, and others more like those realistic miniatures of cars or motorcycles that you got to assemble in a very specific way.

 

[GiZeHy]

hi folks
concerning the 'theory' of evolution check this site out and collect ideas.
some are pretty interesting...
Moderator edit: link deleted; site contains numerous false statements that have been fully discussed and debunked in prior threads.[/color]

have fun ;)

 

[Another God]

hi folks
concerning the 'theory' of evolution check this site out and collect ideas.
some are pretty interesting...
Moderator edit: link deleted.[/color]

have fun ;)

LOL. I haven't been around for over a year now... but nothing has changed.

Where do you start with a website like this?

For a start, it is trying to play scientific enquiry down as "Materialistic philosophy" as if that is an inherently and ungodly (ie: Bad) thing.

One section of it actually bothers to criticize charles darwin for his views on racial differences in humans: As if historic figures acting in their own time can be judged by modern standards. Sorry guys, but Darwin doesn't live in our time, its not-practical to apply our beliefs/morals/judgements upon him.

...and that's just a start. I'm sure I could happily pick apart every essay written on this website. There is too much to take in though.

Shane