Can High Velocity Cause Hailstones to Melt?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the impact velocity of hailstones and their likelihood of melting upon hitting the Earth's surface. It is established that a minimum speed of 824 m/s is required for hailstones to melt due to kinetic energy transformation into heat. Participants debated whether this speed is realistic for hailstones upon impact, with insights on energy distribution during collisions. The consensus indicates that while high velocities can lead to melting, practical scenarios may not support such extreme speeds.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of kinetic energy (KE) and its transformation during impacts
  • Familiarity with the concept of inelastic deformation in materials
  • Basic knowledge of the physics of hailstones and atmospheric conditions
  • Ability to analyze equations related to motion and energy
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the physics of inelastic collisions and energy transfer
  • Explore the properties of ice and its behavior under high-velocity impacts
  • Investigate real-world examples of hailstone impacts on various surfaces
  • Learn about atmospheric conditions that lead to the formation of hailstones
USEFUL FOR

Students studying physics, meteorologists, and anyone interested in the dynamics of hailstones and their impact on the environment.

dobbygenius
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Homework Statement
by reference to your answer in part (a), suggest whether hailstones are likely to melt on hitting the Earth's surface
Relevant Equations
mL=1/2mv^2
1646979827750.png

I'm pretty sure the hailstones are likely to melt/disperse because 824 m/s is a high velocity but can someone help me elaborate why it would melt?
 
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dobbygenius said:
Homework Statement:: by reference to your answer in part (a), suggest whether hailstones are likely to melt on hitting the Earth's surface
Relevant Equations:: mL=1/2mv^2I'm pretty sure the hailstones are likely to melt/disperse because 824 m/s is a high velocity but can someone help me elaborate why it would melt?
Do you mean to say the hailstones would melt? Or wouldn't melt?
 
PS I'm not sure why all the KE would transform to heat in the hailstone. Why wouldn't about half the energy go to heat in the ground at the point of impact?
 
PeroK said:
Do you mean to say the hailstones would melt? Or wouldn't melt?
yes, the hailstones would melt...but I don't know how to elaborate on that
 
PeroK said:
PS I'm not sure why all the KE would transform to heat in the hailstone. Why wouldn't about half the energy go to heat in the ground at the point of impact?
You're right I just followed what the question said 🤔
 
dobbygenius said:
yes, the hailstones would melt...but I don't know how to elaborate on that
With what speed do hailstones hit the Earth?
 
PeroK said:
With what speed do hailstones hit the Earth?
the first question asked to find the minimum speed for it to melt when it hits the surface and I found it to be 824 m/s but other than that both the first and second question didn't give any more data
 
dobbygenius said:
the first question asked to find the minimum speed for it to melt when it hits the surface and I found it to be 824 m/s but other than that both the first and second question didn't give any more data
Do you think hailstones hit the ground at ##824 \ m/s## or more? Have you ever seen hailstones?
 
dobbygenius said:
I'm pretty sure the hailstones are likely to melt/disperse because 824 m/s is a high velocity but can someone help me elaborate why it would melt?
Your reasoning is backwards. If it requires a very high velocity to melt the hailstones then that makes it relatively unlikely that hailstones would melt in practice.
So the question is, is such a high impact speed likely?
PeroK said:
PS I'm not sure why all the KE would transform to heat in the hailstone. Why wouldn't about half the energy go to heat in the ground at the point of impact?
Because most of the inelastic deformation would be in the ice.
 
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haruspex said:
Because most of the inelastic deformation would be in the ice.
That's a subtle assumption. It depends what the hailstones hit. Large hailstones may damage a car roof, for example, causing inelastic deformation of the metal.
 
  • #11
PeroK said:
Do you think hailstones hit the ground at ##824 \ m/s## or more? Have you ever seen hailstones?
No, I just looked it up, should've done it earlier
 
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  • #12
haruspex said:
Your reasoning is backwards. If it requires a very high velocity to melt the hailstones then that makes it relatively unlikely that hailstones would melt in practice.
So the question is, is such a high impact speed likely?

Because most of the inelastic deformation would be in the ice.
Right...thankyou!
 
  • #13
That would be a very noisy hailstorm! Lots and lots of little sonic booms :wink:
 
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