With an associates degree and 12 years as a designer working in an engineering firm with PE's, you might get to take the PE exam. It would be very tough to pass, but if you had acquired a lot of knowledge on the job, it is theoretically possible. I work in an engineering firm and a formerly employed licensed engineer (I am told) had a BA degree in a soft science, but was able to take and pass the PE mech exam after working in the field as a designer. That said, I do NOT personally know him.
A person with only an associates will need to show documented proof of design experience for 12 (or more, depending upon the state) to even be eligible to attempt the exam. And you may not be able to practice in other states outside of your home state until you then take an EIT exam (backwards process for this route) and you may still be denied unless you can prove equivalent educational experience to an ABET accredited engineering degree.
However, it starts with getting a job with design responsibilities, if you opt out to join the workforce with an associates. Sometimes economics forces you to travel the longer journey.