Can Organometallics Be Used as Bases in Carbonyl Reactions?

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SUMMARY

Organometallics, specifically Grignard reagents like MeMgBr, can be utilized as bases in carbonyl reactions, particularly in the synthesis involving elongated terminal alkynes and formaldehyde. Grignard reagents act as alkyl anion synthons, allowing them to function effectively in this context. Their high basicity, with a pKa of CH4 around 50, renders them incompatible with water and alcohols, making them suitable for reactions where strong bases are required. This discussion confirms the role of organometallics as bases rather than direct reactants with triple bonds.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Grignard reagents, specifically MeMgBr
  • Knowledge of carbonyl chemistry and its reactions
  • Familiarity with the concept of alkyl anion synthons
  • Basic principles of acidity and basicity, including pKa values
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the mechanism of Grignard reactions with carbonyl compounds
  • Explore the use of alkyllithium and alkylzinc reagents in similar reactions
  • Investigate the compatibility of organometallics with various functional groups
  • Learn about the synthesis and reactivity of elongated terminal alkynes
USEFUL FOR

Chemists, particularly organic chemists and synthetic chemists, will benefit from this discussion, especially those working with organometallics and carbonyl chemistry in synthesis.

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Homework Statement


It's a synthesis, dedicated more to carbonyl reactions. However, there is this step where you deduce the structure of an elongated terminal alkyne and then they tell you to add 1. MeMgBr 2. Formaldehyde.

Homework Equations


Usually organometallics are used to transform the carbonyl group into an alcohol, or to open epoxides. I have been checking books and I could not find a reaction between the alkyne triple bond and organometallics.

The Attempt at a Solution


I suppose that since I can't use them to interact with the triple bond, they have to be used as a base. Am I in the right?
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I’m assuming by “organometallic” here you mean the Grignard reagent (MeMgBr). Grignards essentially act as alkyl anion synthons, meaning that you can treat MeMgBr as Me- for the purposes of this synthesis. And yes, they are extremely basic, which is why they are incompatible with water and alcohols (e.g., pKa of CH4 is somewhere around 50, so the conjugate base CH3- is about as basic as a compound can be).

The same general considerations apply to analogous alkyllithium, alkylzinc, and alkylmercury compounds (among others).
 
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Thank you, it really helped.
 

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