Can Resonance Occur at Multiple Frequencies in String Instruments?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the concept of resonance in string instruments, specifically whether resonance can occur at multiple frequencies for the same instrument, using the violin as an example. Participants explore the relationship between string vibration, harmonics, and the role of the instrument's body in sound production.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions if resonance can occur at multiple frequencies in a string instrument, noting that each note resonates at a specific point on the string.
  • Another participant suggests that resonance is not the best framework for understanding string instruments, explaining that a string has a fundamental frequency and harmonics that are influenced by where the string is pressed.
  • It is mentioned that the body of the instrument resonates at certain frequencies, amplifying the sound produced by the strings.
  • A participant highlights that the complex shape of the violin affects the sound output and suggests looking up "violin modes" for more information.
  • One participant clarifies that the instrument's body is in forced vibration due to the strings and that it enhances certain harmonics while suppressing others, introducing the concept of "wolf tones" in cellos as an example of favored frequencies.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the role of resonance in string instruments, with some emphasizing the importance of harmonics and the instrument's body while others question the applicability of resonance as a concept in this context. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the precise nature of resonance in relation to multiple frequencies.

Contextual Notes

Participants note the complexity of string vibration and the influence of the instrument's design on sound production, but there are unresolved aspects regarding definitions and the interplay of harmonics and resonance.

Fiona Rozario
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Can resonance occur at multiple frequencies for the same given instrument? For example, in a violin, each note on a given string (say A) resonates and is the loudest only at a specific point on the string. Since each note on the same string can resonate, and each note has a different frequency, does that mean that resonance is occurring at many different frequencies ? If not, shouldn't just one note be loud and clear on the instrument...?

Basically, I understand that resonance has a role to play in how stringed instruments work, I just can't understand how.
 
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It's not usually an effect best thought of in terms of resonance.

A string fixed at both ends has a fundamental frequency and a series of harmonics.
Playing different notes on a may involve selecting some harmonics and suppressing others but usually you just change the length of the string by where you press: changing the fundamental.

If you bow a particular place I suppose you can dampen any harmonic that does not have a node there.

Resonance plays a part in the sound-box of a string instrument - the box has frequencies that it prefers to vibrate at, and those frequencies of the strings get amplified.

For more details see:
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/music/musinscon.html
 
Certainly. Type "violin modes" into google and see what you get. The complex shape of the violin affects the sound that comes out.
 
As was mentioned above, the body of the instrument is not really resonating, but is in forced vibration by contact with the string through the bridge. That is why the instrument is made as free to vibrate as possible, so it can respond to the frequencies imparted to it. What frequencies the instrument body favors will "flavor" the sound, enhancing some harmonics, not so much others. One topic you may want to look at is "wolf tones" of a cello. They are frequencies favored by the cello body (natural frequencies) to the point that they need to be dampened.
 
Thank you, everyone...:)
 

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