Charge density in an abrupt p-n junction

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the charge density in an abrupt p-n junction, specifically addressing the charge densities on the p-side and n-side, which are quantified as ##\rho = -qN_A## and ##\rho = qN_D##, respectively. The uniform chemical potential across the junction necessitates the annihilation of charge carriers, leading to a depletion zone with minimal carriers. The participants clarify that dividing the acceptor concentration ##N_A## would revert to the initial state, disrupting the uniformity of the chemical potential.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of semiconductor physics, particularly p-n junctions.
  • Familiarity with charge carrier dynamics in doped semiconductors.
  • Knowledge of the concepts of chemical potential and thermal equilibrium.
  • Basic grasp of charge density equations in semiconductor materials.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of charge density equations in semiconductor physics.
  • Explore the effects of temperature on charge carrier concentration in p-n junctions.
  • Learn about the depletion region width calculation in abrupt p-n junctions.
  • Investigate the role of ionized donor and acceptor atoms in charge neutrality.
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in electrical engineering, physicists studying semiconductor devices, and anyone involved in the design and analysis of p-n junctions in electronic applications.

lampCable
Messages
22
Reaction score
1

Homework Statement


In an abrupt p-n junction we consider the junction between one side p-doped with ##N_A## acceptor atoms and another side n-doped with ##N_D## donor atoms. Initially the chemical potential is different in the two sides, but thermal equilibrium requires that the chemical potential be uniform. This causes the annihilation of electrons and holes, from the n side to the p side, giving rise to a region called the depletion zone where there are very few charge carriers. In the depletion zone, we consequently get a nonzero charge density as shown in the figure below. What I do not understand is why the magnitude of the charge density becomes ##qN_A## and ##qN_D## for the p side and n side, respectively? Why do we not get for example ##qN_A/2## and then just twice the distance ##-x_p*2##?
charge-density.png

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


I understand that my reasoning is incorrect. If I would continue to divide ##N_A## I would eventually end up with the initial situation, and the chemical potential would not be uniform. So I need to annihilate enough electrons and holes in order to create a uniform chemical potential, but how do I know that this happens when ##\rho = -qN_A## and ##\rho = qN_D##?
 
Physics news on Phys.org
Turns out that the answer to this question was simple. The charge density at any point is ##\rho=e(p+N_D-n-N_A )##. But as I mentioned in the question, in the depletion layer ##n=p=0##. And on the p side we have ##N_D=0## since there are no donor atoms there, which gives ##\rho=-eN_A##. Similarly on the n side we have ##N_A=0## since there are no acceptor atoms there, which gives ##\rho=eN_D##. (Note that ##N_D## and ##N_A## refers to the ionized number of donor and acceptor atoms, respectively.)
 

Similar threads

  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
3K
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
7K
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
3K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
3K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
3K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
3K
Replies
3
Views
2K