Checking thermocouple knowledge

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  • Thread starter Thread starter Micko
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SUMMARY

This discussion centers on the principles and theory of thermocouples, specifically addressing the impact of using copper extension wires with K-type thermocouples. It is established that introducing copper creates additional junctions, leading to an extra electromotive force (EMF) unless maintained at 0ºC. The conversation emphasizes that temperature controllers with built-in compensation do not account for this additional EMF, which can distort the measured mV signal. The recommendation is to use materials similar to the thermocouple material for extension or compensating cables to avoid inaccuracies.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermoelectric principles
  • Familiarity with K-type thermocouples
  • Knowledge of temperature compensation techniques
  • Basic concepts of electromotive force (EMF)
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the thermoelectric series and its implications for thermocouple accuracy
  • Learn about temperature compensation methods in thermocouple applications
  • Explore the effects of different materials on thermocouple performance
  • Investigate best practices for wiring thermocouples, including extension and compensating cables
USEFUL FOR

Engineers, technicians, and researchers involved in temperature measurement and control, particularly those working with thermocouples and temperature compensation systems.

Micko
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Hello to all.
I want to check my knowledge about theory nad principles of thermocoupels.
Please can you read .pdf file in attachment and comment?
Thank you very much in advance.
 

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I wouldn't recommend Cu extension wires

Thermocouples work on the principle of having two dissimilar metals at unknown temperature (the measuring temperature) and at known temperature (the cold junction). By introducing copper into the mix, you are creating two additional junctions (for K-type thermocouples, you would have Cu/Ni-Al and Cu/Ni-Cu). These extra junctions introduce an additional EMF, unless they are held at 0ºC. Temperature controllers having built-in temperature compensation capabilities are not set up to correct for this additional EMF, as you mention. I would amend the following sentence, which refers to figure 1: "Here, compensation cables are not used and thus mV signal at controller end is proportional to (T1 - T2)." The mV signal measured at the controller will be the sum of a voltage that is proportional to (T1 - T2), and an additional voltage, which is proportional to (T2 - T3). The use of extension or compensating cables eliminates this additional voltage by using materials that are similar in the thermoelectric series to the thermocouple material.
 
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