Chemical Equilibria: Law of Mass Action & Beyond

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the law of mass action and its application in chemical equilibria, exploring its validity and the relationship between reaction rates and stoichiometric coefficients. Participants examine the complexities of reaction mechanisms and how they affect the application of equilibrium laws.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that the law of mass action is based on the principle that the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction, but question its reliability in providing accurate rate relations.
  • There is a suggestion that the law of mass action may not always yield correct relationships for reaction rates, prompting inquiries about its continued use.
  • One participant proposes that the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the concentrations of the reactants raised to their stoichiometric coefficients, but others challenge this by introducing the concept of complex reactions.
  • Another participant mentions that the reaction between H2 and Cl2, typically represented as rate=k[H2][Cl2], may actually be a zero-order reaction, indicating that the rate is constant regardless of reactant concentrations.
  • A later reply emphasizes that the overall reaction equation may not accurately represent the underlying complex chain reactions, which involve multiple elementary steps.
  • Participants discuss the necessity of understanding the reaction mechanism before applying the law of equilibrium, noting that many resources do not address this requirement explicitly.
  • There is a mention that for single-stage reactions, the rate-determining step can be identified, but for most reactions, the relationship between reaction rates and stoichiometric coefficients may not hold.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the applicability of the law of mass action, with some questioning its validity in complex reactions while others maintain its relevance. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the necessity of knowing reaction mechanisms before applying equilibrium laws.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the dependence on reaction mechanisms, the complexity of certain reactions, and the potential for discrepancies between stoichiometric representations and actual reaction behavior.

sadhu
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chemical equilibrium law is made using the fundamental rule

rate of forward reaction=rate of backward reaction

and then applied law of mass action to it

but law of mass action is not always correct in giving relation for the rate .
so why it is used there?

secondly if equilibrium depend upon the stoichiometric representation of reaction , then how can one tell which one will give correct relation ,or is it that all are correct?/

thanks in advance!
 
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sadhu said:
chemical equilibrium law is made using the fundamental rule

rate of forward reaction=rate of backward reaction

and then applied law of mass action to it

but law of mass action is not always correct in giving relation for the rate .
so why it is used there?

secondly if equilibrium depend upon the stoichiometric representation of reaction , then how can one tell which one will give correct relation ,or is it that all are correct?/

thanks in advance!

The rate of reaction is usually a function of concentration of one or more of the reagents. You see this also applied in equilibrium discussion... of course the explanation is that the rate of forward and reverse reactions are equal in those explanations.
Are you sure you understand the law of mass action?
 
I think i am
well is it not this ,that rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the active masses of the reactant raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients "

or else I slept whole year... :-(
 
sadhu said:
I think i am
well is it not this ,that rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the active masses of the reactant raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients "

or else I slept whole year... :-(

Substitute 'concentration' for 'active masses' and I think you are close.
Do you think that is not the case that the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of one or more of the reactants raised to its stoichiometric coefficient?
 
right
but
what about the rate of reaction H2 +Cl2=>2HCl

it should be

rate=k

[Cl2]

but somewhere i studied that it is a zero order reaction i.e rate is constant irrespective of concentration of reactants

 
Complex reactions

sadhu said:
right but
what about the rate of reaction H2 +Cl2=>2HCl? It should be
rate=k

[Cl2]


No. The reaction does not go as written in the equation, which is merely a summary of the overall reaction. The reactions of H2 with halogens are
complex chain reactions involving several elementary steps:

Br2 + M \leftarrow \rightarrow M + 2Br

Br + H2 \leftarrow \rightarrow HBr + H

H + Br2 \rightarrow HBr + Br.

In such cases, you cannot expect the law of mass action based on the overall reaction to work. For a discussion of this type of reaction, look in "The Foundations of Chemical Kinetics" by Sidney W. Benson (1960) or in a more
modern kinetics book.

 
that means i need to know the mechanism before applying the law of equilibrium
none of the books i have got mention anything regarding finding mechanism before applying law of equilibrium to reactions they only tell that in kinetics part.
 
sadhu said:
that means i need to know the mechanism before applying the law of equilibrium
none of the books i have got mention anything regarding finding mechanism before applying law of equilibrium to reactions they only tell that in kinetics part.

unless a single stage reaction
because all reactants are "reacted" within one step: that step is called rate-determining step.

for most of reactions, you cannot expect that the rate of reaction has any relationship with the stoichoimetric coefficients of all reactants or products...and the order of reaction with respect to the reactants/products are as well...
 

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