Chlamydia found under the Arctic floor

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the recent discovery of Chlamydia found under the Arctic floor, focusing on the implications of this finding for our understanding of Chlamydia as obligate intracellular parasites. Participants explore the potential for alternative life strategies and the broader implications for microbial diversity and classification.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants note that Chlamydia are typically obligate intracellular parasites, raising questions about the unexpected nature of their discovery in a potentially non-host environment.
  • Others reference the possibility that these Chlamydia may still be infecting eukaryotic cells found in the Arctic, thus maintaining their classification as obligate parasites.
  • A participant points out that the study suggests a possible 'alternative life style strategy' for Chlamydia, which could challenge the traditional understanding of their biology.
  • One participant compares this situation to cholera, which has non-pathogenic variants that can live freely in water, suggesting that Chlamydia could have a similar evolutionary pathway.
  • Concerns are raised about the limited understanding of microbial diversity, with a participant emphasizing that the majority of chlamydial diversity remains underexplored and that current classification efforts have historically focused on pathogens.
  • There is mention of genomic features that may indicate host association, but uncertainty exists regarding the lifestyle of these organisms given the high population percentage of this species in the studied area.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a mix of agreement and disagreement, particularly regarding the implications of the findings for the lifestyle of Chlamydia. While some suggest that the discovery could indicate a shift in understanding their biology, others remain skeptical about the feasibility of an alternative lifestyle strategy.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight limitations in current knowledge regarding microbial communities and the challenges in interpreting genomic data related to lifestyle and host interactions.

pinball1970
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TL;DR
The team found the group of species growing without the need for host cells obtaining nutrients from the extreme environment around them.
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from wikipedia:
the genus Chlamydia, a group of obligate intracellular parasites of eukaryotic cells.[3] Chlamydial cells cannot carry out energy metabolism and they lack biosynthetic pathways.[7]
C. trachomatis is thought to have diverged from other Chlamydia species around 6 million years ago. This genus contains a total of nine species: C. trachomatis, C. muridarum, C. pneumoniae, C. pecorum, C. suis, C. abortus, C. felis, C. caviae, C. psittaci. The closest relative to C. trachomatis is C. muridarum, which infects mice.[5] C. trachomatis along with C. pneumoniae have been found to infect humans to a greater extent. C. trachomatis exclusively infects human beings. C. pneumoniae is found to also infect horses, marsupials, and frogs. Some of the other species can have a considerable impact on human health due to their known zoonotic transmission.

So yes, obligate parasites.
They may be infecting some eukaryotic cell found down there so they could still fill the group's nitch of being an obligate parasite.
 
BillTre said:
from wikipedia:
So yes, obligate parasites.
They may be infecting some eukaryotic cell found down there so they could still fill the group's nitch of being an obligate parasite.
They could but the summary says they found no evidence of hosts and suggested a possible 'alternative life style strategy' for them.
 
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That's possible. Cholera is an example of a pathogen which has non-pathogenic varient strains, as well as closely related species that free live in water and can opportunistically infect fish.

If the Chlamydia has an 'alternative life style strategy', that would be breaking with the either the obligate intracellular lifestyle of the genus.
It could be a descendant of the Chlamydia's non-intracellular living ancestor.
It seems less likely that it went from being a intracellular pathogen to not being an intracellular pathogen. The wikipedia article said it had a reduced genome (genes not needed for extracellular living having been jettisoned).
 
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I notice they make the important point that "the vast majority of this chlamydial diversity has been underexplored, biasing our current understanding of their biology" this is an important point, its still the case that our knowledge of the microbial communities that surround us is still very limited. Until very recently all the scientific effort to classify organisms was focussed on pathogens, its only since the development of genetic techniques that we have become more aware of the diversity involved. They make the point that in their study of this one species they have expanded by over a third the known genomic diversity in this phylum.
The problem with these methods is that they give only limited information about the organisms lifestyle or the way in which they interact with other organisms. They say the identified genomic features that may be indicative of host-association but in areas in which the bacterial communities had a population in which 43% belonged to this species its difficult to imagine they must all exist in an intracellular state.
 
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