Coherent state evolution - nonlinear Hamiltonian

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the evolution of a coherent state under a nonlinear Hamiltonian defined as \(\hat{H} = \hbar \omega_{0} \hat{a}^{+}\hat{a} + \chi (\hat{a}^{+}\hat{a})^2\). The initial state is given by \(|\psi(0)\rangle = |\alpha\rangle\), and the evolution operator is expressed as \(\hat{U} = e^{-i\hat{H}t}\). The analysis reveals that the coherent state does not maintain its form during evolution when \(\chi \neq 0\), contradicting the assumption that coherent states remain coherent under all Hamiltonians.

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TL;DR
I have a weird Hamiltonian and I can't find the evolution of coherent state
Given the hamiltonian:
<br /> \hat{H} = \hbar \omega_{0} \hat{a}^{+}\hat{a} + \chi (\hat{a}^{+}\hat{a})^2,<br />
where ##\hat{a}^{+}##, ##\hat{a}## are creation and annihilation operators.
Find evolution of the state ##|\psi(t) \rangle##, knowing that initial state ##|\psi(0)\rangle = |\alpha\rangle##, where ##|\alpha\rangle## is a coherent state.
So, in Schrödinger picture:
<br /> |\psi(t)\rangle = \hat{U}|\psi(0)\rangle = \hat{U}|\alpha\rangle<br />
Evolution operator:
<br /> \hat{U} = e^{-i\hat{H}t} = e^{-i\omega_{0}t\hat{n} - i\frac{\chi}{\hbar} \hat{n}^2} = e^{-i\omega_{0}t\hat{n}}e^{- i\frac{\chi}{\hbar} \hat{n}^2},<br />
in the last equality I used BCH formula.
Expanding coherent state:
<br /> |\alpha\rangle = e^{-|\alpha|^2/2}\sum_{n}\frac{\alpha^n}{\sqrt{n!}}|n\rangle<br />
So, the evolution of the initial state is:
<br /> |\psi(t)\rangle = e^{-i\omega_{0}t\hat{n}}e^{- i\frac{\chi}{\hbar} \hat{n}^2} e^{-|\alpha|^2/2}\sum_{n}\frac{\alpha^n}{\sqrt{n!}}|n\rangle.<br />
By expanding the exponents (from right to left) i get that nasty ##n^2## term and I can't recreate the state.
<br /> e^{-|\alpha|^2/2}\sum_{n}e^{-i\chi t / \hbar n^2}e^{-i\omega_{0}tn}\frac{\alpha^n}{\sqrt{n!}}|n\rangle.<br />
 
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It seems that you tacitly assume that if the state is initially a coherent state, then it must be a coherent state at all times. But that assumption is wrong. It's true only for the harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, which corresponds to ##\chi=0##.
 
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