Completion of the proof of the Cosine Rule

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the proof of the Cosine Rule, specifically addressing its application in obtuse-angled triangles. The user highlights that while the proof typically involves drawing a perpendicular segment from a vertex, this method fails for obtuse angles. The relationship defined by the Cosine Rule, c² = a² + b² - 2ab cos(C), remains valid even when angle C is obtuse, as demonstrated through the application of Pythagoras' Theorem and trigonometric identities. The proof is completed by substituting the identities for sine and cosine of obtuse angles.

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  • Familiarity with Pythagoras' Theorem
  • Knowledge of trigonometric identities, specifically for sine and cosine
  • Basic geometry concepts related to triangles
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  • Study the derivation of the Cosine Rule in various triangle types
  • Explore trigonometric identities and their applications in proofs
  • Learn about the properties of obtuse-angled triangles
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Prove It
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Hello my friends,

I posted this picture as a proof of the Cosine Rule in another thread,

cosinerule_zps33b193fb.jpg


however after having a closer look at it, I believe it is incomplete. It works by drawing a segment from one of the vertices so that this segment is perpendicular to one side of the triangle, and then applying Pythagoras' Theorem.

However, if you have an obtuse-angled triangle, it is impossible to draw a segment from one of the acute vertices to make a right-angle triangle. So how is it possible to prove this relationship:

[math]\displaystyle c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2\,a\,b\cos{(C)}[/math]

when C is an obtuse angle?
 
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Please refer to the following diagram:

View attachment 867

Note: I have used $$\sin(\pi-\theta)=\sin(\theta)$$ and $$\cos(\pi-\theta)=-\cos(\theta)$$.

By Pythagoras, we now have:

$$(a-b\cos(\theta))^2+(b\sin(\theta))^2=c^2$$

$$c^2=a^2-2ab\cos(\theta)+b^2\cos^2(\theta)+b^2\sin^2(\theta)$$

$$c^2=a^2+b^2-2ab\cos(\theta)$$
 

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