Complex variables: ML inequality

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the proof of the ML inequality in complex analysis, which states that for a continuous function f(z) on a contour C, the inequality |\int_{C} f(z) dz| ≤ ML holds, where M is an upper bound for |f| on C and L is the length of C. The proof involves showing that |\int_{C} f(z) dz| can be bounded by M times the integral of |z'(t)| over the interval [a, b]. The key step discussed is extracting the constant M from the integral, confirming that M serves as an upper bound for both |f(z)| and |f(z(t))| on the contour.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of complex analysis concepts, particularly integrals over contours.
  • Familiarity with the ML inequality and its implications in complex functions.
  • Knowledge of continuous functions and their properties on closed curves.
  • Basic calculus skills, including differentiation and integration of functions.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the proof of the ML inequality in detail, focusing on the role of upper bounds in integrals.
  • Explore the properties of continuous functions on contours in complex analysis.
  • Learn about the implications of the ML inequality in evaluating complex integrals.
  • Investigate related theorems in complex analysis, such as Cauchy's integral theorem and its applications.
USEFUL FOR

Students and researchers in mathematics, particularly those specializing in complex analysis, as well as educators teaching advanced calculus or complex variable theory.

futurebird
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I'm studying the proof of the [tex]ML[/tex] inequlity from complex analysis. I don't know what they did in one step of the proof and I was wondering if anyone can explain the step to me.

First of all the theorem says:

Let f(z) be continuous on a contour C. Then

[tex]|\int_{c}f(z)dz| \leq ML[/tex]

Where [tex]L[/tex] is the length of C and [tex]M[/tex] is an upper bound for |f| on C.

PROOF:
After a few steps we have:

[tex]|\int_{c}f(z)dz| \leq \int^{b}_{a} |f(z(t))||z'(t)|dt[/tex]

And the text says " |f| is bounded on C, [tex]|f(z)| \leq M[/tex] on C, where [tex]M[/tex] is constant, then:

[tex]|\int_{c}f(z)dz| \leq M\int^{b}_{a} |z'(t)|dt[/tex]

How did they get the [tex]M[/tex] out of the integral?
 
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[tex]\int^{b}_{a} |f(z(t))||z'(t)|dt \leq \int_a^b M|z'(t)|dt = M \int_a^b |z'(t)|dt[/tex]
 
So it's okay that M is an upper bound for |f(z)|, that's the same thing as an upper bound for |f(z(t))|? Okay thanks, I think I get it now.
 

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