Computing the polar moment of inertia (calculus)

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The discussion focuses on calculating the polar moment of inertia using both polar and rectangular coordinates. The initial calculation using polar coordinates yielded a result of √3/2, while the rectangular coordinate approach produced a different value of 7/6. The user sought clarification on the discrepancies in their calculations. After revising the rectangular coordinate approach, they found that the correct result matched the polar coordinate calculation, confirming that the slope of the line was incorrectly assessed. This highlights the importance of careful analysis in coordinate transformations when computing moments of inertia.
Leo Liu
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Question:
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Diagram:
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So the common approach to this problem is using polar coordinates.
The definition of infinitesimal rotational inertia at O is ##dI_O=r^2\sigma\, dA##. Therefore the r. inertia of the triangle is
$$I_O=\int_{0}^{\pi/3}\int_{0}^{\sec\theta}r^2r\,drd\theta$$
whose value is ##=\sqrt 3 /2##.

But when I used rectangular coordinates to solve this problem, I got a different answer. The steps are shown below.
$$\xcancel{\begin{aligned}
I_O&=\int_{0}^{1}\int_{0}^{2x}x^2+y^2\,dydx\\
&=\int_0^1x^2y+\frac{y^3} 3\Bigg|_0^{2x}dx\\
&=\int_0^12x^3+\frac 8 3x^3\,dx\\
&=\frac{x^4} 2+\frac 2 3x^4\Bigg|_0^1=\frac 7 6
\end{aligned}}$$
Can someone please tell me where my mistakes are? Thanks!

Edit:
$$\begin{aligned}
I_O&=\int_{0}^{1}\int_{0}^{\sqrt 3 x}x^2+y^2\,dydx\\
&=\int_0^1x^2y+\frac{y^3} 3\Bigg|_0^{\sqrt 3 x}dx\\
&=\int_0^1 \sqrt 3 x^3+\sqrt 3 x^3\,dx\\
&=\frac{2\sqrt 3}{4}=\frac{\sqrt 3}2
\end{aligned}$$
 
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Perhaps the slope of the line is not 2 but a little less ... :wink:
 
First, I tried to show that ##f_n## converges uniformly on ##[0,2\pi]##, which is true since ##f_n \rightarrow 0## for ##n \rightarrow \infty## and ##\sigma_n=\mathrm{sup}\left| \frac{\sin\left(\frac{n^2}{n+\frac 15}x\right)}{n^{x^2-3x+3}} \right| \leq \frac{1}{|n^{x^2-3x+3}|} \leq \frac{1}{n^{\frac 34}}\rightarrow 0##. I can't use neither Leibnitz's test nor Abel's test. For Dirichlet's test I would need to show, that ##\sin\left(\frac{n^2}{n+\frac 15}x \right)## has partialy bounded sums...