Conservation of momentum problem with a bullet and stationary block

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Homework Help Overview

The problem involves a bullet passing through a stationary block of wood on a frictionless surface, focusing on the conservation of momentum. The bullet's mass and velocities before and after passing through the block are provided, along with the block's mass. The goal is to determine the speed of the block after the bullet exits.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Assumption checking, Mathematical reasoning

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants discuss the application of momentum conservation principles, with one participant attempting to calculate the block's momentum based on the bullet's velocity change. Questions arise regarding the correctness of the calculations and the method used to find the block's speed.

Discussion Status

Some participants have provided guidance on setting up the conservation of momentum equation, while others are exploring the implications of their calculations. There is a recognition of potential errors in the calculations, prompting further discussion on the correct approach.

Contextual Notes

Participants note the importance of significant figures in their calculations and question the validity of their assumptions regarding the relationship between the bullet's momentum and the block's resulting speed.

seanmcgowan
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Homework Statement


A bullet with a mass of 6.00 g is fired through a 1.25 kg block of wood on a frictionless surface. The initial speed of the bullet is 896m/s, and the speed of the bullet after it exists the block is 435 m/s. At what speed does the block move after the bullet passes through it?


Homework Equations


I think I have the corect momentum, but the answer for the acceleration of the block seems a bit too easy. Is it right, or am I way off?


The Attempt at a Solution


First I drew a free body digram. The diagram has the bullet on the left, with its velocity and mass (Mass=.006 Kg Velocity=896 m/s), and the stationary block of wood with its mass and velocity (Mass=1.25 Kg Velocity=0 m/s) .

Since this is a collision problem, I figured I should find the momentum using the formula Mass*Velocity=Momentum. So, for the bullet... .006 Kg * 896m/s= 5.376 Kg*m/s (initial momentum) and... .006 Kg * 435 m/s= 2.610 (final momentum). For the block of wood... 1.25 Kg * 0 m/s= 0 Kg*m/s (Initial momentum) and... 1.25 Kg * 461 m/s (the difference of the bullet's Initial and Final velocities)= 576 Kg * m/s

I realize this is momentum not the block's velocity. I'm not sure what else to do because the only other logical answer is 896-435= 461 m/s and that just seems way to easy for a physics problem. Or am I over thinking this?
 
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seanmcgowan said:
Since this is a collision problem, I figured I should find the momentum using the formula Mass*Velocity=Momentum. So, for the bullet... .006 Kg * 896m/s= 5.376 Kg*m/s (initial momentum) and... .006 Kg * 435 m/s= 2.610 (final momentum).
This is good.
For the block of wood... 1.25 Kg * 0 m/s= 0 Kg*m/s (Initial momentum) and... 1.25 Kg * 461 m/s (the difference of the bullet's Initial and Final velocities)= 576 Kg * m/s
That last step isn't correct. Why would you multiply the change in the bullet's velocity by the mass of the block?

Instead, set up a conservation of momentum equation:
Intial momentum (of bullet and block) = Final momentum (of bullet and block)

Initially, you just have the bullet moving; After the collision, the bullet and the block move. Set up the equation and solve for the speed of the block.
 
So your saying that what I shoud do is this:

5.367+0=2.610+x
5.367=2.610+x
2.757 Kg*m/s=x

Where X equals the blocks momentum.

2.206(Kg*m/s)/1.25(Kg)=
2.2056m/s.

Using significant figures it would be 2.206.

Or am I still wrong?
 
seanmcgowan said:
So your saying that what I shoud do is this:

5.367+0=2.610+x
5.367=2.610+x
2.757 Kg*m/s=x

Where X equals the blocks momentum.

2.206(Kg*m/s)/1.25(Kg)=
2.2056m/s.

Using significant figures it would be 2.206.

Or am I still wrong?
Your method is exactly correct. Two small problems:
(1) Check the digits that I highlighted; you have them transposed. (Fix that and redo the calculation.)
(2) Your final answer should be rounded to 3 significant figures, since your data is only given to 3 digits.
 

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