The discussion centers on the significance of the PEMDAS order of operations in mathematics and its potential impact if a different convention were adopted. It explores how changing the interpretation of expressions like 1 + 2 * 3 could lead to confusion, akin to driving on the opposite side of the road. While the current convention is deemed convenient, the conversation suggests that fundamental changes in mathematics would only arise if new conventions made certain expressions awkward or impossible to write. The mention of reverse Polish notation highlights alternative mathematical notations that have not gained widespread acceptance. Ultimately, the PEMDAS convention remains a crucial aspect of mathematical clarity and consistency.