Counterfactual quantum computation on interferometer

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on counterfactual quantum computation as presented by Sabine Hossenfelder, specifically regarding the behavior of photons in relation to beam splitters. It highlights the concept that photons can "probe" the state of a beam splitter without directly encountering it, drawing an analogy to fluid dynamics with valves and pressure sensors. The conversation emphasizes the importance of understanding quantum phenomena through the lens of wave functions rather than classical particle interpretations, which some find mystifying. The Elitzur-Vaidman bomb tester is referenced as a relevant example of this counterfactual behavior.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics principles, particularly wave-particle duality.
  • Familiarity with beam splitters and their role in quantum optics.
  • Knowledge of the Elitzur-Vaidman bomb tester concept.
  • Basic concepts of fluid dynamics for analogy comprehension.
NEXT STEPS
  • Explore the implications of counterfactual quantum computation in practical applications.
  • Study the mathematical foundations of wave functions in quantum mechanics.
  • Investigate the Elitzur-Vaidman bomb tester in detail for deeper insights.
  • Learn about the role of beam splitters in quantum optics experiments.
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Quantum physicists, optical engineers, and anyone interested in the foundational concepts of quantum computation and its counterintuitive implications.

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I watched a video on the topic by Sabine Hossenfelder.
Now it is said by many that this proves the photon "knows" something in advance because a certain state of a certain beam splitter can be probed in theory without the photon ever encountering that beam splitter because it took another path. The reason it took another path is also exactly because of the state of that beam splitter that it "probed" without actually probing it.

Now maybe I have got this wrong but what is so exotic in all of this?
Isn't this analogous to for example a loop of pipe with a pump and two parallel valves with different diameters.
If the water flows in such loop and I randomly close either of the valves the water then simply takes the route through the other open valve but given their different diameter I can know which path the water took by simply measuring the pressure before the valve.
So in this loop the "detector" would be a pressure sensor while in the quantum example the detector is a light detector and water is a laser beam and valves are beam splitters.

Now you might say that my valves are different diameter and that gives it away, but in the quantum example I think that translates into the angles and positions of the beam splitters , because only certain beam paths create constructive interference and therefore hit the detector.
So why is this then considered something "mystical" ?

 
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Interesting analogy with pipes.

The reason why is this considered "mystical" is because some people try to explain what's going on by thinking only in terms of a classical particle, without taking into account the wave function.

See also Elitzur-Vaidman bomb: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elitzur–Vaidman_bomb_tester
 
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