Current through parallel cells with unequal EMFs

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the current through two parallel cells with unequal EMFs: one cell has an EMF of 6.0 V and an internal resistance of 3.0 Ω, while the other has an EMF of 4.0 V and an internal resistance of 2.0 Ω. An 8.0 Ω resistor is connected across the terminals. The correct approach involves applying Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) and understanding the implications of internal resistance, rather than averaging the EMFs. The accurate currents calculated are 0.609 A through the 6.0 V cell and 0.087 A through the 4.0 V cell.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL)
  • Knowledge of internal resistance in electrical circuits
  • Familiarity with circuit analysis techniques, including Millman's theorem
  • Basic principles of parallel circuits and current division
NEXT STEPS
  • Study Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) for further insights into current distribution
  • Learn about Millman's theorem for analyzing circuits with multiple voltage sources
  • Explore detailed examples of parallel circuits with unequal EMFs
  • Practice calculating voltage drops and currents in complex circuit configurations
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineering students, circuit designers, and anyone involved in analyzing parallel circuits with varying EMFs and internal resistances.

zoya76
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1 Two cells are connected in parallel by joining the terminals together so that they both face in the same direction. One of the cells has emf 6.0 V and internal resistance 3.0 Ω, and the other cell has emf 4.0 V and internal resistance 2.0 Ω. An 8.0 Ω resistor is connected between the terminals.

a Calculate the current passing through each cell. Note: It is ok to get a negative current for your answer, it just means it is traveling in the opposite direction. (6 marks)
b Calculate the current passing through the 8 Ω resistor. (2 marks)
c Calculate the pd across the 8 Ω resistor. (2 marks)

I've tried applying the equation emf = I(R+r) to the circuit as a whole. I'm assuming that the total emf is an average of the two cells, i.e. 5V, and that the total internal resistance r is just = 3*2/3+2. Once subbed into the equation and rearranging for I, I get a total circuit current of 0.81A which I divide in a ratio of 3:2. This gives me wrong anwers though (0.484A and 0.324A) as opposed to 0.609A and 0.087A.

Thanks all x
 
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zoya76 said:
Two cells are connected in parallel by joining the terminals together so that they both face in the same direction. One of the cells has emf 6.0 V and internal resistance 3.0 Ω, and the other cell has emf 4.0 V and internal resistance 2.0 Ω. An 8.0 Ω resistor is connected between the terminals.
What does that mean? Please show the circuit diagram.
zoya76 said:
I'm assuming that the total emf is an average of the two cells, i.e. 5V
That's incorrect.
Have you studied KCL and KVL?
Edit: You can look up Millman's theorem, but I don't think it would give you full credit for this problem.
 
Last edited:
If you draw a circuit diagram and sum the voltage drops around the closed loop, you should see your error.
 

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