Derive Angular Momentum in Elliptical Orbit

In summary, the conversation discusses how to calculate the angular momentum of a planet orbiting around the Sun with a given mass and elliptical orbit. The solution involves using conservation of energy and relating the variables of distance and velocity to the angular momentum.
  • #1
psychicist
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Homework Statement


A planet with mass m is orbiting about the Sun (mass m(s)) with elliptical orbit such that the maximum and minimum distance is r1 and r2 respectively. What is its angular momentum, L, of the planet relative to the centre of the Sun?


Homework Equations


[tex]\vec{L}=\vec{r}\times\vec{p}=m(\vec{r}\times \vec{v})=mrv sin\theta[/tex]
Semi-major axis, [tex]a=(r_1+r_2)/2[/tex]
Semi-minor axis, [tex]c=(r_1-r_2)/2[/tex]
Distance of the planet from the Sun, [tex]R=\frac{a(1-e^2)}{1-e cos\theta}[/tex]
[tex]e=c/a[/tex]

The Attempt at a Solution


Known that the angular momentum is conserved along the motion, but I am confused about how to relate the variables, i.e. r and v.

I have tried to derive R and tried to put into the equation of angular momentum but the formula seems make it more complicated as it introduce one more variable theta inside.

Can someone give me some idea? Thank you very much.
 
Last edited:
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  • #2
Try to use conservation of energy (kinetic plus potential) between the two points.
Write the speed in terms of the angular momentum:
L=m*v1*r1=m*v2*r2
Then solve for L.
 
  • #3
nasu said:
Try to use conservation of energy (kinetic plus potential) between the two points.
Write the speed in terms of the angular momentum:
L=m*v1*r1=m*v2*r2
Then solve for L.

Yes! I got it! thank you very much!
 
  • #4
You are welcome.
 

1. What is angular momentum in an elliptical orbit?

Angular momentum is a measure of the rotational motion of an object around a fixed point, in this case, the focus of an elliptical orbit. It is a vector quantity that describes the amount of rotational energy an object possesses.

2. How is angular momentum derived in an elliptical orbit?

Angular momentum in an elliptical orbit can be derived using the equation L = mvr, where L is the angular momentum, m is the mass of the object, v is its velocity, and r is the distance from the object to the focus of the elliptical orbit.

3. What factors affect the angular momentum in an elliptical orbit?

The two main factors that affect the angular momentum in an elliptical orbit are the mass of the object and the eccentricity of the orbit. The greater the mass, the greater the angular momentum, and the more eccentric the orbit, the greater the change in angular momentum.

4. How does the angular momentum change as an object moves along an elliptical orbit?

The angular momentum of an object in an elliptical orbit remains constant as long as there are no external forces acting on the object. As the object moves closer to the focus, its velocity increases, and as it moves away, its velocity decreases, but the product of mass, velocity, and distance remains constant.

5. Can angular momentum be conserved in an elliptical orbit?

Yes, angular momentum can be conserved in an elliptical orbit as long as there are no external forces acting on the object. This is known as the law of conservation of angular momentum, which states that the total angular momentum of a system remains constant unless acted upon by an external torque.

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