Deriving Probability Conservation in Quantum Mechanics

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on deriving the condition for probability conservation in quantum mechanics, specifically the equation \(\psi (\infty,t) = \psi^*(-\infty,t) = 0\). Participants explore how to demonstrate that \(-\frac{d}{dt} \int_{V\infty} \rho(r,t) dV = \oint_{S\infty} J(r,t)\cdot dS' = 0\), where \(\rho(r,t) = |\Psi|^2\) and \(J\) represents the probability current. The integration of the probability current over an infinite space is confirmed to yield zero, and it is emphasized that the time-derivative of probability remains constant, affirming the principle of conservation. Key techniques include using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation and integration by parts.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation
  • Familiarity with probability density \(\rho(r,t) = |\Psi|^2\)
  • Knowledge of probability current \(J\) in quantum mechanics
  • Proficiency in integration techniques, particularly integration by parts
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the momentum operator in quantum mechanics
  • Learn about the implications of boundary conditions in quantum systems
  • Explore the normalization of wave functions in quantum mechanics
  • Investigate the application of the chain rule in quantum mechanical integrals
USEFUL FOR

Students and researchers in quantum mechanics, particularly those focusing on probability conservation, wave function behavior at infinity, and the mathematical foundations of quantum operators.

stunner5000pt
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Homework Statement


This isn't quite a question per se. But in my review I am supposed to know how to derive a condition
[tex]\psi (\infty,t) = \psi^*(-\infty,t) = 0[/tex]

In addition I'm supposed to show that

[tex]-\frac{d}{dt} \int_{V\infty} \rho(r,t) dV = \oint_{S\infty} J(r,t)\cdot dS' =0[/tex]

where [tex]\rho(r,t) = |\Psi|^2[/tex]
and J is the probability current.

2. The attempt at a solution
Im not sure how that condition can be used.
Can it used to how that the probability goes to zero as we approach infinity?

Integration of the probability current over an infinite space gives zero? Do i simply integrate the probability current by parts and use the condition given??

Also one question... is it possible to derive the momentum operator?? Can i do the same for the position operator?

Could i use [tex]<p> = m \frac{d}{dt} <r>[/tex]
where [tex]<r> = \int r |\Psi|^2 d^3 r[/tex]

When doing the time derivative of the integrand, am i allowed to assume that dr/dt = 0?? After all the operators are not supposed to vary with time... right?
Thanks for the help!
 
Last edited:
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You are expected to know that probability is conserved (remember this when solving). Bring the d/dt into the integral (remember the chain rule) and substitute in from the time-DEpendent Schrödinger equation and integrate by parts to show the first part. When you integrate by parts, what will 'kill' your extra boundary term?

Edit: The integration of probability over all space does not give zero (remember normalization) but the time-derivative of probability equals zero (probability is conserved, aka the particle must be somewhere).
 
Last edited:

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