Describe all vectors orthogonal to col(A) with a twist

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on identifying all vectors in F^m that are orthogonal to the column space of a real mxn matrix A. It establishes that the column space of A is equivalent to the row space of A^T, leading to the conclusion that Col(A) is orthogonal to Null(A^T). The conversation also addresses the transition from real to complex fields, asserting that the orthogonality principles remain unchanged, as any linear combination of real and imaginary vectors will also be orthogonal to Col(A).

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of linear algebra concepts such as column space and null space.
  • Familiarity with matrix transposition and its implications on row and column spaces.
  • Knowledge of orthogonality in both real and complex vector spaces.
  • Basic proficiency in manipulating vectors and matrices in F^m and C^m.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of the row space and null space of matrices in linear algebra.
  • Explore the implications of complex vector spaces on orthogonality.
  • Learn about linear combinations of vectors and their geometric interpretations.
  • Investigate the relationship between real and complex fields in linear transformations.
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Mathematicians, students of linear algebra, and anyone interested in advanced vector space concepts, particularly in the context of orthogonality in both real and complex fields.

Bill Thompson
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I am trying to solve the following problem:

Let A be a real mxn matrix. Describe the set of all vectors in F^m orthogonal to Col(A).

Here, F^m could be C^m. Now in the real case, I'd say that the column space of A is the row space of A^T, and it is well known that the row space of a matrix is orthogonal to it's null space ---> Col(a) is orthogonal to Null(A^T) (left nullspace). After significant research, I can't see how to change/adapt this statement for the complex field. Any help is greatly appreciated.

Thanks
 
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I don't think much changes when you move to the complex numbers, or any field in general.
If some real vectors ##\{R^m\} ## are orthogonal to the columns of a purely real A, then the imaginary vectors ##\{i R^m\} ## will also be orthogonal since it is a scalar multiple of an orthogonal vector.
So, then you essentially should have any linear combination of those real and imaginary vectors.
 

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