Difference in simple and fractional distillation

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the differences between simple and fractional distillation, particularly focusing on the apparatus used and the purification processes involved. Participants explore the conditions under which each method is applied and seek clarification on the technical aspects of fractional distillation.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation, Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that fractional distillation is typically used when boiling point differences are below 25°C and when there are more than 2 or 3 substances in the mixture.
  • Another participant mentions that while the instrumentation differs, the underlying principle of both distillation methods is similar.
  • A later reply describes that fractional distillation apparatus includes a column with plates, which is absent in simple distillation setups, indicating a structural difference in the equipment used.
  • There is a suggestion to refer to ASTM methods for more detailed information on the instrumentation involved in fractional distillation.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying levels of understanding about the apparatus differences, with some providing technical insights while others question the initial inquiry. The discussion does not reach a consensus on all aspects of the topic.

Contextual Notes

Some assumptions about the boiling point differences and the number of substances in the mixtures are not fully explored, and the discussion does not clarify the specific purification mechanisms in detail.

vaazu
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I found on the internet that fractional is used when the differences in boiling points are below 25C, and that there are more than 2 or 3 substances in the mixture, but i didn´t figure out what's the difference in apparatus or how the substances are purified in fractional distillation. Could anyone please explain it.
 
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Have you tried google?
 
The manual instrumentation does differ a bit, however the principle is similar.

The fractional distillation will use a straight delivery tube to your receiver, so the cutting is extremely basic as the distance between your distillation flask and the outlet is not so large, as in your normal "straight" distillation.

Try checking ASTM methods for more on the structure of instrumentation
 
When looking it up, you should notice the main difference in the fractional distillation apparatus contains a column divided into plates (or something resembling plates) stacked one on top of another.

A simple distillation apparatus doesn't have that kind of column, because as you have found, it is not needed for components with widely different boiling points.
 

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