Dipoles on a clean surface in vacuum

[Philip Koeck]

TL;DR

What is the orientation of polar molecules at a solid-vacuum boundary

Assuming a completely clean and flat solid surface (metal and amorphous carbon as examples).
The surrounding vacuum is contaminated with water vapour at very low pressure.
In what orientation would the water molecules adsorb to the solid surface?

 

[Lord Jestocost]

Maybe, the following paper might be of help:
"A molecular perspective of water at metal interfaces" by Javier Carrasco, Andrew Hodgson and Angelos Michaelides
(PDF) A Molecular Perspective of Water at Metal Interfaces