Directional derivative at a point

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catch22
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Homework Statement


Calculus problem 2: for f(x, y, z) = e^(-xyz) + x, find (a) the directional derivative at (2, 0, 1) in the direction v = 3i + j + k, and (b) the direction of greatest increase at (2, 0, 1).


Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


part a) finding partial derivatives:
Handwritten gradient vector in angle brackets: (-yz e^(-xyz), -xz e^(-xyz), -yx e^(-xyz)).


and plugging in (2,0,1) into each, I get the gradient which is <0,-2,0>

to find the directional derivative, it is the dot product of the gradient and unit vector of (3,1,1):

Handwritten dot product of the vector <0, -2, 0> with the vector <3, 1, 1>, divided by the square root of 11, which is the magnitude of <3, 1, 1>.


part b) isn't the direction of the greatest increase just the gradient, which I found in part A?

Handwritten vector in angle brackets with three components: -yz e^(-xyz), -xz e^(-xyz), and -yx e^(-xyz).


and the greatest increase at (2,0,1) is the magnitude of the gradient there, which is

Handwritten working: square root of 0 squared plus (2) squared plus 0 squared, equals square root of 4, equals 2.
 
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catch22 said:
part b) isn't the direction of the greatest increase just the gradient, which I found in part A?
Yes.
A pedant might insist that a direction should be given as a normalized vector. But we are not pedants.
 
catch22 said:

Homework Statement


View attachment 91055

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


part a) finding partial derivatives:
View attachment 91058

and plugging in (2,0,1) into each, I get the gradient which is <0,-2,0>

to find the directional derivative, it is the dot product of the gradient and unit vector of (3,1,1):

View attachment 91056

part b) isn't the direction of the greatest increase just the gradient, which I found in part A?

View attachment 91057

and the greatest increase at (2,0,1) is the magnitude of the gradient there, which is

View attachment 91059

Some of your partial derivatives are incorrect (although not by very much).
catch22 said:

Homework Statement


View attachment 91055

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


part a) finding partial derivatives:
View attachment 91058

and plugging in (2,0,1) into each, I get the gradient which is <0,-2,0>

to find the directional derivative, it is the dot product of the gradient and unit vector of (3,1,1):

View attachment 91056

part b) isn't the direction of the greatest increase just the gradient, which I found in part A?

View attachment 91057

and the greatest increase at (2,0,1) is the magnitude of the gradient there, which is

View attachment 91059

One of your partial derivatives is wrong.
 
Also, you don't say anything about the continuity of the first partial derivatives in a neighborhood of ##(2,0,1)##. It is under that condition that the formula ##(D_{\vec v}f)(2,0,1) = (\nabla f. \vec v) (2,0,1) ## is valid.
 
Ray Vickson said:
Some of your partial derivatives are incorrect (although not by very much).One of your partial derivatives is wrong.
wow, I can't believe I didn't spot that +x at the end.

it should be (-yz e^-xyz) + 1
 
the correct answers after fixing the partial derivative with respect to x

Handwritten work: part a shows the dot product of <1, -2, 0> and <3, 1, 1> over the square root of 11; part b shows the square root of 1^2 + (-2)^2 + 0 equals the square root of 5.
 
Attachments
  • Handwritten work: part a, the dot product of vector <1, -2, 0> and vector <3, 1, 1> divided by the square root of 11; part b, the square root of (1)^2 + (-2)^2 + 0 equals the square root of 5.
    upload_2015-10-30_4-26-56.png
    1.5 KB · Views: 498
geoffrey159 said:
Also, you don't say anything about the continuity of the first partial derivatives in a neighborhood of ##(2,0,1)##. It is under that condition that the formula ##(D_{\vec v}f)(2,0,1) = (\nabla f. \vec v) (2,0,1) ## is valid.
do you mean like saying the domain is from negative infinity to positive infinity?
 
geoffrey159 said:
Not at all and I wonder why you ask that ?

Well, it IS possible to have a well-defined directional derivatives in some directions ##\vec{d}## at a point ##\vec{r_0}= (x_0,y_0,z_0)##, but to not have well-defined, finite partial derivatives at ##\vec{r_0}##. However, the present example is not so pathological.