Discovering the Functions of $\Bbb{R}^{2}\times _{\phi }\Bbb{R}$ in 3D Lie Groups

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the functions associated with the semi-direct product $\Bbb{R}^{2}\times _{\phi }\Bbb{R}$ within the context of 3-dimensional simply-connected Lie groups. Participants explore the nature of these functions, their relationship to Lie brackets, and the implications for the structure of the Lie algebra.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant outlines three types of 3-dimensional simply-connected Lie groups, including the semi-direct product $\Bbb{R}^{2}\times _{\phi }\Bbb{R}$, and poses a question regarding the real-valued functions $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$, and $\delta$ in terms of constants from the Lie brackets.
  • Another participant notes that the functions $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$, and $\delta$ are part of the automorphism $\phi$, which maps from $\mathbb{R}$ to the automorphisms of $\mathbb{R}^{2}$, and mentions having explicit forms for certain values of the constants but struggles with the general case.
  • A later reply suggests the possibility of using infinitesimal generators and matrix exponentiation to approach the problem.
  • One participant claims to have solved the problem, stating that the functions can be found explicitly and involve hyperbolic sines and cosines, but does not provide the details of the solution.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying levels of certainty regarding the explicit forms of the functions, with some claiming to have solutions while others remain uncertain about the general case. No consensus is reached on the generality of the solution or the specific forms of the functions.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the dependence on specific values of the constants $\lambda$, $\theta$, and $\sigma$, and the unresolved nature of the general case for the functions.

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Let G be a 3-dimensional simply-connected Lie group. Then, G is either

1.)The unit quaternions(diffeomorphic as a manifold to S$^{3}$) with quaternionic multiplication as the group operation.
2.)The universal cover of PSL$\left( 2,\Bbb{R}\right) $
3.)The http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semidirect_product#Outer_semidirect_products" of $\Bbb{R}^{2}\times _{\phi }\Bbb{R}$.

The last case is an infinite family. There are many possible functions $\phi $. My question is regarding these functions $\phi $.

The semi-direct product $\Bbb{R}^{2}\times _{\phi }\Bbb{R}$ can be written as a group operation on $\Bbb{R}^{3}$ as

$\left( x_{1},y_{1},z_{1}\right) \ast \left( x_{2},y_{2},z_{2}\right) =\left( x_{1}+\alpha \left( z_{1}\right) x_{2}+\beta \left( z_{1}\right) y_{2},y_{1}+\gamma \left( z_{1}\right) x_{2}+\delta \left( z_{1}\right) y_{2},z_{1}+z_{2}\right) $,
where $\alpha \left( z_{1}\right) $ , $\beta \left( z_{1}\right) $ , $\gamma \left( z_{1}\right) $ , and $\delta \left( z_{1}\right) $ are real-valued functions.

I would like to know what these real-valued functions are in terms of the constants occurring in the Lie-brackets. The Lie algebra at the identity of this infinite family of Lie groups(the semi-direct products) is isomorphic to a Lie algebra of the following form.
$\left[ X_{1},X_{2}\right] =\lambda X_{2}+\sigma X_{3}$.
$\left[ X_{1},X_{3}\right] =\theta X_{2}+\lambda X_{3}$.
$\left[ X_{2},X_{3}\right] =0$.

$\lambda $, $\theta $, and $\sigma $ are constants.

That is, I want to know the parameter dependent functions $\alpha \left( z_{1}\right) $ , $\beta \left( z_{1}\right) $ , $\gamma \left( z_{1}\right) $ , and $\delta \left( z_{1}\right) $.
 
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It appears someone fixed the LaTeX issue... Thanks...

By the way, the functions alpha, beta, gamma, and delta comprise the automorphism phi. phi is a map from R to the automorphisms of R^2. For some values of lambda, theta, and sigma; I know these functions explicitly. If anyone believes that information would be useful to solve this problem, I could post it. However, I cannot seem to determine these functions explicity in the general case given arbitrary values of the constants lambda, theta, and sigma.
 
Last edited:
Oh... it occurred to me that it may be possible to do this using infinitesimal generators... which basically means exponentiating a matrix... I'll post again after working it out...
 
I solved the problem. The functions can be found explicitly... it is fairly straightforward, but the calculation is a bit tedious. The functions involve hyperbolic sines and hyperbolic cosines.
 

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