Do we have identities for the inverse tangent function for complex numbers?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around identities and representations for the inverse tangent function, particularly in the context of complex numbers. Participants explore both theoretical identities and the real and imaginary components of the function when applied to complex arguments.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about identities for $\arctan(x+y)$ and suggests a relationship involving $\arctan(x)$ and $\arctan(y)$.
  • Another participant provides a derivation showing that $\tan^{-1}(x) - \tan^{-1}(y)$ can be expressed in terms of a tangent identity, leading to a formula involving $k\pi$.
  • Multiple participants express interest in finding the real and imaginary parts of $\arctan(x+iy)$, with one providing a logarithmic representation and another offering a series expansion for $|z|<1$.
  • One participant presents a series expansion for $\tan^{-1}(z)$ and specifies the real and imaginary parts in terms of sums involving $\rho$ and $\theta$.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the interest in the real and imaginary parts of $\arctan(x+iy)$, but there are multiple approaches and representations discussed without a consensus on a single identity or method.

Contextual Notes

Some participants' contributions depend on conditions such as the magnitude of $z$ being less than 1, and the discussions involve various mathematical representations that may not be universally applicable.

alyafey22
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Do we have identities for the following

$$\arctan(x+y) = $$

$$\arctan(x)-\arctan(y) = $$
 
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For the second one, we could write:

$$\tan^{-1}(x)-\tan^{-1}(y)=\theta$$

Take the tangent of both sides:

$$\tan\left(\tan^{-1}(x)-\tan^{-1}(y) \right)=\tan(\theta)=\tan(\theta-k\pi)$$ where $$k\in\mathbb{Z}$$

Apply the angle-difference identity for tangent on the left

$$\frac{x-y}{1+xy}=\tan(\theta-k\pi)$$

Hence:

$$\tan^{-1}(x)-\tan^{-1}(y)=\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{x-y}{1+xy} \right)+k\pi$$
 
I am looking for the real and imaginary part of

$$\arctan(x+iy) $$
 
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ZaidAlyafey said:
I am looking for the real and imaginary part of

$$\arctan(x+iy) $$

[math]\displaystyle \begin{align*} \arctan{(z)} &= \frac{i}{2} \ln {\left( \frac{i + z}{i - z} \right) } \\ &= \frac{i}{2} \left[ \ln{ \left| \frac{i + z}{i - z} \right| } + i \arg{ \left( \frac{i + z}{i - z} \right) } \right] \\ &= -\frac{1}{2}\arg{ \left( \frac{i + z}{i - z} \right) } + i \left( \frac{1}{2} \ln{ \left| \frac{i + z}{i - z} \right| } \right) \end{align*}[/math]
 
ZaidAlyafey said:
I am looking for the real and imaginary part of

$$\arctan(x+iy) $$

For $|z|<1$ is...

$\displaystyle \tan^{-1} z = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^{n}}{2n + 1}\ z^{2n + 1}\ (1)$

... and setting $\displaystyle z= x+ i y = \rho\ e^{i\ \theta}$, if $\rho <1$ You obtain...

$\displaystyle \mathcal{Re}\ \{\tan^{-1} z \} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^{n}}{2n + 1}\ \rho^{2n + 1}\ \cos (2n+1)\ \theta\ (2)$

$\displaystyle \mathcal {Im}\ \{\tan^{-1} z \} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{(-1)^{n}}{2n + 1}\ \rho^{2n + 1}\ \sin (2n+1)\ \theta\ (3)$

Kind regards

$\chi$ $\sigma$
 
Last edited:

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