Does back pressure give incorrect flow reading?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the design and functionality of a digital peak flow meter, specifically focusing on how back pressure and constriction sizes affect flow rate readings. Participants explore the implications of different constriction models on flow measurement, including the conversion of differential pressure to flow rate.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes that the model with a tighter constriction shows a greater flow rate than a broader constriction, raising the question of whether back pressure leads to incorrect readings.
  • Another participant inquires about the placement of the airflow sensor, confirming it is located at nozzles on either side of the constriction.
  • A participant expresses uncertainty about converting differential pressure to flow rate, suggesting that differing results from the two devices might indicate an error in the conversion process.
  • A later reply provides a formula for flow rate based on differential pressure, noting that a higher reading was observed with a smaller constriction.
  • Another participant emphasizes that the provided equation is only valid for ideal nozzles and highlights the importance of the nozzle coefficient in real-world applications, suggesting that the design of the nozzle can significantly affect flow and pressure differentials.
  • This participant also discusses how the diameter of the nozzle influences flow velocity and static pressure differential, indicating that nozzle designs cannot be scaled based solely on configuration without empirical testing.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the impact of constriction size and back pressure on flow readings, with no consensus reached regarding the accuracy of the measurements or the validity of the conversion process.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the dependence on ideal conditions for the equations presented, the need for empirical testing to establish nozzle coefficients, and the potential for errors in flow measurement due to design factors.

CadisEtramaDiRaizel
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I have to build a digital peak flow meter. I have two models based on calculations ( ideal). I have noticed that the flow rate on the model with a tighter constriction has a greater value than that of a much broader constriction. While testing it out, i noticed air resistance from the first model ( tighter). The second one has almost no resistance. So, does back pressure give an incorrect reading>
 
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Is the airflow sensor in the constriction?
 
CWatters said:
Is the airflow sensor in the constriction?

No, it is attached to nozzles present on each side of the constriction.
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Fluid dynamics isn't my subject but...

How do you convert differential pressure to flow rate?

If two devices with different constrictions give different results that suggests to me the possibility of an error in the way the conversion is done.
 
CWatters said:
Fluid dynamics isn't my subject but...

How do you convert differential pressure to flow rate?

If two devices with different constrictions give different results that suggests to me the possibility of an error in the way the conversion is done.
flow = a2*sqrt(2*ΔP/(density*(1-pow((a2/a1),2))));

where Q is the flowrate, ΔP is the pressure difference between the two nozzles, A1 and A2 the outer and inner diameters respectively, and ρ the density.

A higher reading was observed with a smaller constriction.
 
First, the above equation is clearly only for a theoretically ideal nozzle because the one factor absolutely mandatory in every real world application flow measurement nozzle equation is the nozzle coefficient (actual measured vs ideal) of each nozzle's particular design.

As to your original question, the smaller the second section diameter the higher the velocity in that section and greater the differential between the velocity in the two sections; therefore, the greater static pressure differential as well. The "a2/a1" factor in the equation varies correspondingly to normalize the measurement between the two flow velocity conditions.

With regard to relative accuracy, the effects on flow of a given nozzle design can affect the flow and pressure differential of that nozzle, for example, flow necking at the small diameter entrance, and as a result nozzle designs can not be scaled based strictly on a given configuration, the actual nozzle coefficient for each nozzle design must be established by flow testing in a calibrated flow testing system of that individual nozzle design, including its entry and small areas ratio.
 

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