Does Electron Cloud Distribution Affect the Repulsion Between Atoms?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the nature of atomic repulsion and the behavior of electrons within quantum mechanics. It establishes that atoms repel each other due to their electric fields, which result from the distribution of electrons, even when these electrons are not in a defined region of space. The mainstream view asserts that quantum fluctuations are intrinsic properties of systems, meaning that position and momentum do not exist in a classical sense. The conversation references ZapperZ's article on the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, emphasizing that while electrons exist in a probabilistic cloud, their exact position cannot be determined until measured.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics principles
  • Familiarity with electric fields and atomic interactions
  • Knowledge of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
  • Basic grasp of quantum fluctuations and observables
NEXT STEPS
  • Read ZapperZ's article on the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle for deeper insights
  • Explore the concept of quantum fluctuations in more detail
  • Study the inverse square law in the context of electric fields
  • Investigate the implications of quantum mechanics on atomic structure and behavior
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Physicists, students of quantum mechanics, and anyone interested in the fundamental interactions between atoms and their electrons.

jaydnul
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Why do atoms repel each other when their electrons aren't in any defined region of space? If we think of the electron as completely smeared out over the whole volume of the orbital, is the electric field just distributed evenly and continuously across it? Or do electrons always have a definite region in space and a definite momentum its just that we cannot measure them to exact precision?

Thanks
 
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Jd0g33 said:
Why do atoms repel each other when their electrons aren't in any defined region of space?

They have electric fields and mutual electric repulsion (or attraction) persists as a result. It's as simple as that.

Jd0g33 said:
Or do electrons always have a definite region in space and a definite momentum its just that we cannot measure them to exact precision?

If you try to interpret QM like that you will inevitably run into quite a few serious problems. The mainstream view is that quantum fluctuations of observables are intrinsic and not due to our own ignorance. Systems simply do not "possess" position or momentum in general.
 
WannabeNewton said:
They have electric fields and mutual electric repulsion (or attraction) persists as a result. It's as simple as that.

But where do we measure the source of the electric field. In hydrogen, the electron could be different distances from the second atom about to collide. If the radius is 10^-10 meters, then the field could be much weaker if it was on the opposite side of its nucleus with respect to the incoming atom, right? (inverse square law)
 
I think I understand. I just read ZapperZ's article on the HUP misinterpretation. What I got from it is essentially this: Quantum mechanics is a theory that tells us how accurately we can predict the state of a quantum system, but we can always MEASURE a system to an arbitrary accuracy based on how good our device is. So the electron is always somewhere in the cloud, we just don't know where until we measure?

Zz's article: http://physicsandphysicists.blogspot.com/2006/11/misconception-of-heisenberg-uncertainty.html
 

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