Effect of rain on velocity of sound

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SUMMARY

The velocity of sound through air is primarily influenced by temperature and humidity rather than the presence of raindrops. While the molecular weight of dry air is approximately 29, the molecular weight of water vapor is 18, which affects sound propagation. Heavy rain, or "cats & dogs" rain, does not significantly alter the speed of sound; however, it does impact sound transmission by scattering and absorbing sound waves. The relationship between humidity and sound speed is temperature-dependent, highlighting the complexity of acoustic propagation in varying atmospheric conditions.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of basic acoustic principles
  • Knowledge of molecular weight and its effects on sound propagation
  • Familiarity with the relationship between temperature, humidity, and sound speed
  • Ability to interpret graphs related to physical phenomena
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the impact of humidity on the speed of sound in air
  • Explore the effects of temperature on sound propagation
  • Study the principles of sound scattering and absorption in different mediums
  • Examine the molecular composition of air and its implications for acoustics
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Acoustics researchers, meteorologists, physics students, and anyone interested in the effects of environmental conditions on sound propagation.

Ezio3.1415
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I was suddenly asked this question by a friend...

How a 'cats & dogs' rain would affect the velocity of sound through air?(as we know velocity of sound through water is five times than in air)

I just couldn't be sure how to answer it... The raindrops are really small but there's a lot of them there... How big the effect could be?
 
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Ezio3.1415 said:
I was suddenly asked this question by a friend...

How a 'cats & dogs' rain would affect the velocity of sound through air?(as we know velocity of sound through water is five times than in air)

I just couldn't be sure how to answer it... The raindrops are really small but there's a lot of them there... How big the effect could be?

I doubt it changes the velocity at all unless there's mist accompanying the rain. What it DOES change is the amount of sound that propagates over a given distance.
 
The speed of sound depends mainly on temperature, but also on the humidity of the air. The sensitivity of the speed to humidity is also temperature dependent, which is not surprising since the fraction of water vapor in the air at "100% humidity" is very different at 0°C and 100°C. There is a graph here: http://www.phy.mtu.edu/~suits/SpeedofSound.html

The basic cause is the change in average molecular weight of the air. The MW of dry air is about 29, but the MW of water vapor is only 18.

As phinds said, the liquid raindrops don't have much effect on the speed of sound, but they scatter and absorb the sound waves.
 
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