Thermal vs Mech. Efficiency of Engines: Petrol vs Diesel

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The discussion clarifies the distinctions between thermal efficiency and mechanical efficiency in engines, specifically comparing petrol and diesel engines. Thermal efficiency measures how effectively an engine converts heat from combustion into work, while mechanical efficiency assesses the conversion of work moving pistons into usable output at the crankshaft. Diesel engines exhibit higher efficiency due to their ability to operate at higher compression ratios compared to petrol engines, leading to better energy conversion and reduced losses from friction and auxiliary systems.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermal efficiency in engines
  • Knowledge of mechanical efficiency and its calculation
  • Familiarity with engine construction and operation
  • Basic principles of combustion and energy conversion
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the thermal efficiency of diesel engines using specific metrics
  • Explore mechanical efficiency calculations for various engine types
  • Investigate the impact of compression ratios on engine performance
  • Examine the role of friction and auxiliary systems in engine efficiency
USEFUL FOR

Engineers, automotive enthusiasts, and students studying mechanical engineering or automotive technology will benefit from this discussion, particularly those interested in optimizing engine performance and efficiency.

elixer akm
Messages
4
Reaction score
0
What is the difference between thermal efficiency and mechanical efficiency of an
engine...and which engine is more efficient ..petrol or diesel
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Engineering news on Phys.org
Mechanical efficiency is the work out divided by the energy in.
Thermal efficiency is the mechanical efficiency where the input energy is heat.
The efficiency of a particular engine depends on it's construction ... you can look up typical figures.
 
  • Like
Likes russ_watters and Vedward
Thermal efficiency is how efficient the engine can transform the heat produced by the combustion into work moving the piston(s), i.e the work found by a PV diagram.

Mechanical efficiency of an engine is how efficient the engine can deliver the work moving the piston(s) into work output, i.e. work at the crankshaft. Friction is the main loss here, but it will also include losses due to systems necessary to run the engine (lubricating or cooling systems for example).
 
  • Like
Likes Ranger Mike, Vedward and elixer akm
elixer akm said:
What is the difference between thermal efficiency and mechanical efficiency of engine...and which engine is more efficient ..petrol or diesel
Thermal efficiency refers to thermal energy and thermal energy refers to the chemical energy of a fuel converted to thermal energy through combustion. Thermal efficiency is total available thermal energy as opposed to thermal energy used to perform work.

And mechanical efficiency refers to total available energy/force to perform work as opposed to actual work performed.

Diesels are more efficient, but do you know why?
 
Petrol engines do not have higher compression ratios than diesels, quite the opposite in fact.
 
I have encountered a vertically oriented hydraulic cylinder that is designed to actuate and slice heavy cabling into sections with a blade. The cylinder is quite small (around 1.5 inches in diameter) and has an equally small stroke. The cylinder is single acting (i.e. it is pressurized from the bottom, and vented to atmosphere with a spring return, roughly 200lbs of force on the spring). The system operates at roughly 2500 psi. Interestingly, the cylinder has a pin that passes through its...

Similar threads

  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
6K
  • · Replies 16 ·
Replies
16
Views
4K
  • · Replies 11 ·
Replies
11
Views
23K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
977
  • · Replies 3 ·
Replies
3
Views
2K
Replies
19
Views
3K
  • · Replies 6 ·
Replies
6
Views
2K
Replies
2
Views
3K
  • · Replies 10 ·
Replies
10
Views
2K
  • · Replies 7 ·
Replies
7
Views
8K