Electric field inside hollow conductor with a charge

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the behavior of electric fields within a hollow conductor containing a point charge, specifically in relation to Gauss's Law. It is established that in electrostatic equilibrium, the charges on the conductor rearrange themselves to negate the electric field inside the conductor, but not within the cavity where the point charge resides. The charges are constrained to the conductor's surface and do not experience acceleration from their own electric field, which prevents them from fully canceling the field generated by the internal charge.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Gauss's Law
  • Basic knowledge of electrostatics
  • Familiarity with electric fields and charge distribution
  • Concept of electrostatic equilibrium
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  • Study the implications of Gauss's Law in various geometries
  • Explore the concept of electric field lines and their behavior in conductors
  • Investigate the properties of electrostatic shielding
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Students of physics, electrical engineers, and anyone interested in understanding electrostatics and the behavior of electric fields in conductors.

Tiago3434
Ok, this might be a really dumb question, but I still am asking it: I was reading about gauss' Law when it comes to a hollow conductor with a (say) point charge inside it, and it seems intuitive to me that, in electrostatic equilibrium, the charges rearrange themselves to cancel the electric field inside it, after all, if there were a nonzero electric field, there would be acceleration, which violates the idea that the system is in electrostatic equilibrium. Here is the q: is there a reason (or intuition, perhaps) as to why the charges don't rearrange themselves to cancel all electric field inside it, including inside the cavity, where the point charge lies?
 
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For this to happen, you would need a charge density in the shell which produces an electric field inside the shell with the form ##-kq/r^{2}\;\hat{r}## to cancel out the electric field from the point charge. However, there is no arrangement of charge density in a spherical shell which can produce such an electric field inside the shell.
 
Tiago3434 said:
...after all, if there were a nonzero electric field, there would be acceleration, which violates the idea that the system is in electrostatic equilibrium.

A charge is not affected by the electric field that it produces, so no acceleration.
 
The charges can't go just anywhere. By definition of a "hollow" conductor, they are constrained to move only inside the conductor. If not, they would move to the place where you placed your internal charge and cancel it out.
 

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