Electromagnetism is a branch of physics that deals with the study of electric and magnetic fields and their interactions with matter. It explains how electrically charged particles interact with each other and with magnetic fields.
Polarisation is the phenomenon in which the electric field vector of an electromagnetic wave oscillates in a specific direction. This can occur when the wave passes through a polarising filter, or when it is reflected or refracted at certain angles.
Polarisation is used in many technologies, such as LCD screens, 3D glasses, and polarising sunglasses. It is also important in communication systems, where polarisation can be used to transmit signals on different channels without interference.
A waveguide is a structure that is designed to confine and guide electromagnetic waves, typically in the microwave or radio frequency range. It is often used in communication systems and radar technology.
A waveguide is typically made of a conductive material, such as metal, and has a specific shape and size that is designed to support a certain type of electromagnetic wave. In contrast, a wire or cable is usually used for transmitting electrical signals, which have a much lower frequency than electromagnetic waves. Additionally, a waveguide can transmit waves over longer distances without significant loss of signal, whereas wires and cables are more prone to signal attenuation.