Electrons from Internal Conversion

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    Electrons Internal
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the frequency of K-shell electrons being emitted during internal conversion compared to L or M-shell electrons. Participants explore the underlying probabilities and mechanisms involved in this process, touching on concepts from quantum mechanics and atomic structure.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions why K-shell electrons are emitted more frequently than those from higher shells, suggesting that it might be easier for gamma particles to dislodge less tightly bound electrons.
  • Another participant asserts that the probability of an electron being found within the nucleus decreases with higher shells, indicating that K electrons are more likely to be involved in internal conversion.
  • A participant challenges the phrasing regarding electrons being "within the nucleus," clarifying that electrons occupy atomic orbitals outside the nucleus.
  • In response, another participant argues that the wave function of electrons has a non-zero probability of being found at the nucleus, suggesting that K-shell electrons have a higher likelihood of being involved in internal conversion due to their wave function characteristics.
  • A later reply provides an example from external resources, noting that the probability of an electron being found at the nucleus is smaller for excited states compared to ground states.
  • One participant encourages others to compare the radius of nuclei undergoing internal conversion with the Bohr radius to understand the relevance of the discussed graphs.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the interpretation of electron probabilities and their relation to internal conversion, indicating that multiple competing perspectives remain without a clear consensus.

Contextual Notes

Some participants' claims depend on the definitions of electron positions and the nature of wave functions, which may not be fully resolved in the discussion.

Zuzana
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Hi,
I would like to ask, why K-shell electrons coming from the internal conversion are much more frequent than L or M-shell electrons (see Fig). K-shell electrons are more tightly bound than L-shell, I would say that it is easier for gamma particle to kick off less tightly electron, no?
1650994503436.png

Thank you in advance for the reply.
 
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The probability of an electron being found within the nucleus decreases as the shell increases. It is more probable for a K electron to be involved in the internal conversion process than an L or M electron.
 
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DrClaude said:
The probability of an electron being found within the nucleus decreases as the shell increases. It is more probable for a K electron to be involved in the internal conversion process than an L or M electron.
what do you mean by "within the nucleus"? electrons are at the atomic orbitals (shells outside the nucleus).
 
Zuzana said:
what do you mean by "within the nucleus"? electrons are at the atomic orbitals (shells outside the nucleus).
No, the wave function is extended. There is a non-zero probability of finding the electron at the nucleus.
1651071416430.png
 
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Aha, DrClaude beat me to it while I was Googling. Here's another set of examples:

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hydwf.html

The probability of the electron having a small-enough value of ##r## to be inside the nucleus, is smaller for excited states (e.g. L-shell i.e. 2s, 2p) than for the ground state (K-shell i.e. 1s).
 
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Now, I understand. Thanks a lot for the reply.
 
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On the graphs at the link that I posted, the horizontal axis is given as multiples of ##a_0##, the Bohr radius (the radius of the K shell in the Bohr model).

Exercise: look up typical values for the radius of nuclei that undergo internal conversion, and compare to ##a_0##, so as to see what part of those graphs comes into play in internal conversion.
 

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