Efficient Energy Flow Chart: Transfers to Human, Computer, Lights & Ball

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The discussion focuses on creating an energy flow chart that illustrates the transfer of energy to a human, computer, lights, and a ball. The initial energy transfer starts with sunlight being absorbed by a plant, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in coal. The next step involves a factory combusting coal, which transforms chemical energy into thermal energy. Participants seek clarification on the types of energy transfers and appropriate verbs to describe these processes. The goal is to establish at least ten links in the energy flow chart leading to the specified endpoints.
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Homework Statement


Create an energy flow chart that has ends up transfering to a human, computer, lights (ceiling lights), and a ball. State what kind of transfer is going on and how it is transferred (verb).




The Attempt at a Solution



So far I have

Sun---light energy, plant absorbs--> Plant---Chemical energy, Fossilized---> Coal

The next one would be factory, but I do not know what kind of energy transfer or what kind of verb (processed?). I need at least 10 links that end up with human, computer, light, ball
 
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A factory combusts (burns) coal, which creates what?
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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