Energy required to move an object in orbit?

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around calculating the energy required to boost the International Space Station (ISS) from an orbit of 335 km to 352 km above the Earth's surface. The problem involves gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy in the context of orbital mechanics.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Assumption checking, Mathematical reasoning

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants discuss the calculation of gravitational potential energy using the formula Ep = GMm/r and consider the need to account for kinetic energy differences between the two orbits. Questions arise regarding the total energy required for the boost and whether the difference in total energy corresponds to the energy needed for the height increase.

Discussion Status

Participants are exploring various aspects of the problem, including the relationship between orbital height and speed, and how these factors influence the total energy calculations. Some guidance has been offered regarding the inclusion of kinetic energy in the calculations, and there is an acknowledgment of the minimum energy required for the boost.

Contextual Notes

There is an emphasis on understanding the relationship between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy in orbital mechanics, as well as the assumptions regarding the direction of the orbit during the boost.

Peto
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The International Space Station, with a mass of 370,000 kg, is orbiting the Earth at a height 335 km and needs to be boosted to an orbit of 352 km. Calculate the energy needed to boost the ISS to its new height.

m = 370,000 kg
M = 5.98 x 10^24 kg
G = 6.67 x 10^-11 Nm^2/kg^2
Initial distance from Earth's center = (6.38 x 10^6m) + 335000m
Final distance form eath's center = (6.38 x 10^6m) + 352000m


Using Ep = GMm/r

I calculated
Epi = (6.67x10^-11)(5.98x10^24)(370000)/((6.38x10^6)+(335000)) = 2.316682247E13

and

Epf = (6.67x10^-11)(5.98x10^24)(370000)/((6.38x10^6)+(352000)) =2.316676064E13

I found the difference of the two, and took it as my answer, 6.2x10^7 J

I feel I'm doing something wrong, Thanks in advance for any help!
 
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Have you considered the difference in speed (and so Kinetic energy) for the two orbits?
 
mgb_phys said:
Have you considered the difference in speed (and so Kinetic energy) for the two orbits?

Hmmm, so I would have to find the total energy,

Et = Ep + Ek = G Mm/r + .5mv^2

ok I think I got it now.
 
Remember that V is also a function of r and M (there is a fixed speed for each orbital height)
 
mgb_phys said:
Remember that V is also a function of r and M (there is a fixed speed for each orbital height)

yes, v = sqrt(MG/r)

so figuring out the difference in total energy, would that give me the amount of energy needed to boost the space station to its new height?
what I mean is, does difference in total energy = amount of energy required to boost to new height?
 
Yes actualy that's the minimum energy, assuming you want it to orbit in the same direction
 

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