MHB Equivalences and Partitions and Properties of binary relations

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If someone could explain some of the steps needed to work out these 2 questions it would be much appreciated!

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Hello, sadsadsadsa!

We would be glad to help, but you should study the http://mathhelpboards.com/rules/ first. On the rules page, click on the Expand button in the top-left corner. In particular, read rules 8, 11 and 6. Thus, rule 8 asks not to ask more than two questions in a thread, while you posted 20 questions in total.
 

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