Error estimation using differentials

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on error estimation in physics, specifically calculating the largest possible error in the component of a force measured at 500N with a 1N error and an angle of 60° with a 0.5° error. The correct formula for the differential of the component force is established as \(\frac{dF_x}{F_x} = \frac{dF}{F} + \frac{d\theta}{\cos\theta}(-\sin\theta)\). The user initially calculated an error of 3.75N, while the correct value is 4.28N, highlighting the importance of accurate differentiation in error analysis.

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  • Understanding of basic physics concepts, particularly force and angles.
  • Familiarity with differential calculus and its application in error estimation.
  • Knowledge of trigonometric functions, specifically sine and cosine.
  • Ability to apply error propagation techniques in practical scenarios.
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  • Study the principles of error propagation in physics.
  • Learn advanced differentiation techniques in calculus.
  • Explore trigonometric identities and their applications in physics problems.
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Students in physics or engineering, educators teaching error analysis, and anyone involved in precision measurement and calculations in scientific contexts.

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Homework Statement



A force of 500N is measured with a possible error of 1N. Its component in a direction 60° away from its line of action is required, where the angle is subject to an error of 0.5°. What (approximately) is the largest possible error in the component?

Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



The component force is F_x = F cos \theta

so lnF_x~=~lnF~+~lncos\theta

applying differentials: \frac{dF_x}{F_x} = \frac{dF}{F} + \frac{d~cos\theta}{cos\theta} (-sin\theta)=\frac{dF}{F} + \frac{sin^{2} \theta}{cos\theta}d\theta

plugging in values \frac{dF_x}{F_x} = \frac{1}{500} + \frac{3}{4} \frac{2}{1} \frac{1}{2} \frac{\pi}{180} = 0.002 + 0.013 = 0.015
so the error is (0.015)(500)cos(60) = 3.75N

The solution says 4.28N, however, which I confirmed by checking each error combination. Where am I going wrong here?

Thanks in advance.
 
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You differentiated incorrectly. You should have
$$\frac{dF_x}{F_x} = \frac{dF}{F} + \frac{d\theta}{\cos\theta}(-\sin\theta).$$
 
vela said:
You differentiated incorrectly. You should have
$$\frac{dF_x}{F_x} = \frac{dF}{F} + \frac{d\theta}{\cos\theta}(-\sin\theta).$$


Gotcha, I figured it would be something simple like that! Thanks a lot!
 

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