Expectation value of spin in an Ising lattice

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on demonstrating the inequality \(\left< \sigma^2_{j} \right> - \left< \sigma_j \right>^2 \geq 0\) and \(\left< \left( \sigma_{j} - \left< \sigma_j \right> \right)^2 \right> \geq 0\) in the context of a spin-1 Ising paramagnet under an external field \(h > 0\). The key points include the established fact that magnetization is a monotonically increasing and concave function of \(h\). The user successfully deduced the inequalities using the expression for an observable, \(\left< \sigma_j \right> = \frac{\sum_{\sigma} \sigma_j e^{\beta h \sum_{j=1}^{N} \sigma_j}}{Z}\), confirming the validity of the inequalities.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Ising models, specifically spin-1 configurations.
  • Familiarity with statistical mechanics concepts, particularly magnetization.
  • Knowledge of concave functions and their properties.
  • Proficiency in calculating expectation values in statistical physics.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of concave functions in statistical mechanics.
  • Explore the derivation of magnetization in Ising models under external fields.
  • Learn about the implications of the central limit theorem in the context of spin systems.
  • Investigate advanced topics in statistical mechanics, such as phase transitions in Ising models.
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for physicists, particularly those specializing in statistical mechanics, as well as students studying condensed matter physics and anyone interested in the mathematical foundations of magnetization in spin systems.

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Homework Statement


I have to show that (the question says deduce from the fact that magnetization is monotonically increasing and a concave function for h>0)
\left&lt; \sigma^2_{j} \right&gt; - \left \sigma_j \right&gt;^2 \geq 0
and \left&lt; \left( \sigma^_{j} \right&gt; - \sigma_j \right)^2 \right&gt; \geq 0

Homework Equations


This in the context of a spin-1 Ising paramagnet in external field h
I have the fact that the magnetization is monotonically increasing and a concave function for h &gt; 0

The Attempt at a Solution


I know the expression for an arbitrary observable;
Basically I have;
\left&lt; \sigma_j \right&gt; = \frac{\sum_{\sigma} \sigma_j e^{\beta h \sum_{j=1}^{N} \sigma_j}}{Z}

I'm just not sure how to use the concavity and the fact that m is monotonically increasing to find this result.

Any help is greatly appreciated.
 
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never mind, I figured it out.
 

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