Find Gravitational Force of Photons: Equations & Potential Energy

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on the gravitational force produced by photons, which are massless particles that warp spacetime due to their energy. Participants explore the application of Einstein's field equations and the stress-energy tensor to model the gravitational effects of photons. Key equations discussed include the force between a photon of energy E and a mass M, expressed as F=GME/c²r², although the accuracy of this equation is debated due to the complexities of general relativity. The conversation highlights the challenges of defining gravitational potential energy and force for massless particles and the implications of quantum mechanics on these concepts.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Einstein's field equations in general relativity
  • Familiarity with the stress-energy tensor and its components
  • Knowledge of mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²)
  • Basic concepts of quantum mechanics and photon behavior
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the implications of the stress-energy tensor for massless particles
  • Study gravitational lensing and its relation to photon behavior in general relativity
  • Explore the Aichelburg–Sexl ultraboost and its significance in spacetime modeling
  • Investigate the role of pressure in the gravitational effects of photon gases
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, astrophysicists, and students interested in the intersection of quantum mechanics and general relativity, particularly those exploring the gravitational effects of light and massless particles.

  • #31
Finally, in very early Universe the density of matter was negligible in comparison with density of radiation. So at some époque, most of the gravity of the Universe came from photons, slowing down the expansion.
 
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  • #32
Ich said:
Agreed to all, but here's the relativity forum. Please understand my statements as referring to a wave packet with negligible spatial extension, not zero extension. I think that's what is meant by a "photon" in a classical relativistic thought experiment (a null geodesic).
For such a pulse of light the correct spacetime is the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aichelburg%E2%80%93Sexl_ultraboost" that I mentioned earlier.
 
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  • #33
Hi.

A group of photons surely generates gravity. e.g. electromagnetic radiotion closed in a hollow body has energy called black body radiation. Its electromagnetic energy momentum tensor appear in the right hand side of Einstein's gravity equation. QM says that photon wavelength lamda gives its position uncertainty. So the gravity source position has uncertainty of wavelength.
Schwartzshild's radius of photon is 2Gh / (c lamda). In the case the disance between the two photons are much larger than both lamda and Schwartzshild's radius, I expect a photon motion influenced by the gravity generated by another photon can be evaluated approximately at least. In other cases e.g. two photons are in the same wave train of a laser beam we must face unknown quantum gravity.

Regards.
 
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