MHB Find the area of the quadrilateral PQRS

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The area of the quadrilateral PQRS, formed by extending the sides of a convex quadrilateral ABCD with an area of 1, is determined to be 5. This conclusion is reached through vector analysis, where the area of ABCD is expressed using cross products of its vertex vectors. By defining points P, Q, R, and S in relation to the vertices of ABCD, the area of PQRS is calculated using similar vector operations. The problem suggests that this result holds for all convex quadrilaterals with an area of 1. Additional solutions using trigonometric methods were also mentioned, indicating multiple approaches to the same problem.
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The convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ has area 1, and $AB$ is produced to $P$, $BC$ to $Q$, $CD$ to $R$, and $DA$ to $S$, such that $AB=BP$, $BC=CQ$, $CD=DR$, and $DA=AS$. Find the area of the quadrilateral $PQRS$.
 
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[sp]Here is a solution using vectors. Choose the origin $O$ to be an interior point of $ABCD$ and let $a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s$ be the vectors representing the corresponding points. The area of the triangle $OAB$ is the magnitude of the cross product $a\times b$. The area of $ABCD$ is $|a\times b + b\times c + c\times d + d\times a|$. (Note that the four cross product vectors are all oriented in the same direction – perpendicular to the plane of $ABCD$ – so their magnitudes add up.)

Next, $p = 2b-a$, $q = 2c-b$, $r = 2d-c$ and $s = 2a-d$. Thus the area of $PQRS$ is $$\bigl|(2b-a)\times(2c-b) + (2c-b)\times(2d-c) + (2d-c)\times(2a-d) + (2a-d)\times(2b-a)\bigr|.$$ Now use the facts that the cross product of a vector with itself is $0$ and that $b\times a = -a\times b$ to see that this expression reduces to $5|a\times b + b\times c + c\times d + d\times a|$. Therefore the area of $PQRS$ is $5$.[/sp]
 
Opalg said:
[sp]Here is a solution using vectors. Choose the origin $O$ to be an interior point of $ABCD$ and let $a,b,c,d,p,q,r,s$ be the vectors representing the corresponding points. The area of the triangle $OAB$ is the magnitude of the cross product $a\times b$. The area of $ABCD$ is $|a\times b + b\times c + c\times d + d\times a|$. (Note that the four cross product vectors are all oriented in the same direction – perpendicular to the plane of $ABCD$ – so their magnitudes add up.)

Next, $p = 2b-a$, $q = 2c-b$, $r = 2d-c$ and $s = 2a-d$. Thus the area of $PQRS$ is $$\bigl|(2b-a)\times(2c-b) + (2c-b)\times(2d-c) + (2d-c)\times(2a-d) + (2a-d)\times(2b-a)\bigr|.$$ Now use the facts that the cross product of a vector with itself is $0$ and that $b\times a = -a\times b$ to see that this expression reduces to $5|a\times b + b\times c + c\times d + d\times a|$. Therefore the area of $PQRS$ is $5$.[/sp]

Awesome, Opalg!(Yes) And thanks for participating!:)

I still welcome others who want to solve it using other route!:o
 
This type of question implies that the answer is the same for all Convex Quads with Area=1.

Picking a convenient one -- square.

View attachment 3184

We see the answer is: The area of a square with side = square root of (12 + 22).
 

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RLBrown said:
This type of question implies that the answer is the same for all Convex Quads with Area=1.

Picking a convenient one -- square.

View attachment 3184

We see the answer is: The area of a square with side = square root of (12 + 22).

Thanks for your diagram and your solution post, RLBrown.

Another solution that solved the problem using trigonometric method is shown below:
View attachment 3239
Consider the diagram on the left: [TABLE="class: grid, width: 800"]
[TR]
[TD]Note that the area of the triangles

$CBA=\dfrac{(CB)(AB)\sin \angle ABC}{2}$

and

$CBP=\dfrac{(CB)(BP)\sin \angle PBC}{2}$

are the same since $AB=BP$ and

$\begin{align*}\sin \angle PBC&=\sin (180^{\circ}-\angle ABC)\\&=\sin \angle ABC\end{align*}$.[/TD]
[TD]Also, the area of the triangles

$QCB=\dfrac{(QC)(CP)\sin \angle QCP}{2}$

and

$CBP=\dfrac{(CB)(CP)\sin \angle PBC}{2}$

are the same since $QC=CB$ and

$\begin{align*}\sin \angle PBC&=\sin (180^{\circ}-\angle QCP)\\&=\sin \angle QCP \end{align*}$.[/TD]
[TD]This tells us

$2\times \text{area of the triangle $ABC$}=\text{area of the triangle $QBP$}$.[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

Similar argument could be applied to the diagram on the right so that:

[TABLE="class: grid"]
[TR]
[TD]Note that the area of the triangles

$RDA=\dfrac{(RD)(DA)\sin \angle RDA}{2}$

and

$CDA=\dfrac{(CD)(DA)\sin \angle CDA}{2}$

are the same since $RD=CD$ and

$\begin{align*}\sin \angle CDA&=\sin (180^{\circ}-\angle RDA)\\&=\sin \angle RDA\end{align*}$.[/TD]
[TD]Also, the area of the triangles

$RDA=\dfrac{(DA)(AR)\sin \angle DAR}{2}$

and

$RAS=\dfrac{(AR)(AS)\sin \angle RAS}{2}$

are the same since $DA=AS$ and

$\begin{align*}\sin \angle RAS&=\sin (180^{\circ}-\angle RDA)\\&=\sin \angle RDA \end{align*}$.[/TD]
[TD]This tells us

$2\times \text{area of the triangle $ADC$}=\text{area of the triangle $SRD$}$.[/TD]
[/TR]
[/TABLE]

Hence, we must have

$\begin{align*}\text{area of the quadrilateral $PQRS$}&=4(\text{area of the triangle $ADC$})+4(\text{area of the triangle $ADC$})+\text{area of the convex quadrilateral $ABCD$})\\&=4\text{area of the convex quadrilateral $ABCD$}+\text{area of the convex quadrilateral $ABCD$}\\&=5\end{align*}$
 

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