Which voltage regulator is the best choice for a power supply?

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The discussion focuses on selecting the best voltage regulator for a power supply, comparing the LM140, LM340, and LM78xx series. The LM2940-CT5 is recommended as a superior choice due to its low dropout feature, requiring only 5.5 volts input, which minimizes heat generation. Additionally, the LM2940 offers better temperature stability, with a voltage shift of only 0.2 mV per degree Celsius, compared to the 7805's -1.1 mV. While the LM78xx series is widely available and commonly used, it may not be the most efficient option. Overall, the LM2940-CT5 stands out for its performance and stability in power supply applications.
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Can anyone tell me which voltage regulator is better to use for power supply. LM140, LM340 or LM78xx series? I want to know which one is most economical and easily availabe. Thankyou
 
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They are all OK to use, but if I could suggest a better one, the LM2940-CT5 is a low dropout regulator which means the input only has to be 5.5 volts or more for the regulator to work. Normal regulators, like the ones you mentioned, need to have about 8 volts input to work.

This difference in input minus output voltage times the current flowing is what makes the regulator get hot. So, the smaller it is, the better.

Also, the ripple from the filter capacitor (before the regulator in a power supply) gets larger as more current is drawn. So, if the regulator is a low dropout type, this ripple can be greater without causing ripple in the output of the regulator.

A good comparison feature for regulators is the temperature stability.
A 7805 has a voltage shift with temperature of -1.1 mV per degree celcius
A LM2940 - CT5 has a voltage shift with temperature of 0.2 mV per degree celcius.
So, the LM2940 is more stable too. This might matter if you try to supply power to an oscillator.
 
LM78XX is the most common one and you should be able to get it anywhere even in Radio Shack. Not necessary the best because it is so old.
 
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