Force due to currents in parallel wires

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the forces between two parallel wires carrying current in the same direction, which attract each other due to the magnetic field generated around them, as described by the equation F/l = (μ₀ I₁ I₂) / (2πd). This attraction contrasts with the repulsion experienced between two stationary negative charges, governed by Coulomb's Law. The key distinction lies in the frames of reference: when stationary with respect to the wires, the observer perceives an attractive force due to the magnetic field, while moving with the charges leads to a perception of repulsion. The magnetic force is significantly stronger than the electrostatic force, decreasing with distance at a rate of 1/d compared to the electrostatic force's 1/d².

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Coulomb's Law for static charges
  • Familiarity with the right-hand rule for magnetic fields
  • Knowledge of the equation for magnetic force between parallel wires
  • Concept of frames of reference in physics
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation and implications of the equation F/l = (μ₀ I₁ I₂) / (2πd)
  • Explore the right-hand rule and its applications in electromagnetism
  • Investigate the differences between electrostatic and magnetic forces
  • Learn about the effects of different frames of reference on perceived forces
USEFUL FOR

Physics students, educators, and anyone interested in understanding electromagnetic interactions and the principles of forces in different frames of reference.

Knissp
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Homework Statement

Two negative charges repel each other.
Two parallel wires with current going in the same direction attract each other.

Yet if one walks with the moving charge in the wires, the charges appear stationary and should repel each other - explain why if you are stationary with respect to the wire, they would attract while if you move with the charge they should repel."


The attempt at a solution
This is more of a conceptual question, so I really don't know how to approach it. Any help would be appreciated. I don't think the equations are relevant, but there's Coulomb's Law for static charges and the fact that currents going in the same direction in parallel wires attract, but I don't know how to resolve the issue of different frames of reference, i.e. the charges are stationary wrt the observer or the charges are moving wrt the observer and how this affects the force perceived.
 
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Here's the gist: when you have stationary charges, the only force (apart from gravity) acting on them is the electrostatic force described by Coulomb's law. When you have a current, that force is still present, but there's a magnetic field around both the wires that causes the attractive force (according to the right-hand rule).

Now the magnetic force is stronger then the electrostatic force, as proven by the following equation between 2 parallel wires [tex]\frac{F}{l} = \frac{\mu_0 I_1 I_2}{2 \pi d}[/tex].
Note that F (magnetic force) decreases at a rate of 1/d (distance between wires) while in Coulomb's law, the electrostatic force decreases as a function of 1/d^2, which means that the magnetic force will be much stronger, causing the attraction.
 

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