Forces acting on a box-pulley system in an elevator?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on analyzing the forces acting on a box-pulley system within an elevator, specifically addressing the tension in the rope and the forces exerted on blocks A and B. The initial tension calculated for block B was 14 N, using the equation T = -(-1.4)(10). As the elevator accelerates downward at 1.60 m/s², the tension in the rope changes, resulting in a new calculation of 12 N for block B. The discussion emphasizes the importance of Free Body Diagrams (FBD) and understanding the effects of acceleration on apparent weight.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's laws of motion
  • Knowledge of Free Body Diagrams (FBD)
  • Basic principles of tension in a pulley system
  • Concept of apparent weight in accelerating frames of reference
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the effects of acceleration on tension in pulley systems
  • Learn how to construct and analyze Free Body Diagrams (FBD)
  • Explore the concept of apparent weight in non-inertial reference frames
  • Review examples of similar problems involving pulleys and elevators
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Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on mechanics, as well as educators looking for examples of tension and force analysis in dynamic systems.

Sagrebella
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Homework Statement



[/B]
upload_2017-2-4_13-11-19.png


For this problem, use
g = 10 N/kg.

As shown in the figure above, a pulley is mounted to the ceiling of an elevator. The elevator is initially traveling with a constant velocity of 1.40 m/s, directed up. The rope (which we assume to have no mass) passing over the pulley has block A tied to one end and block B tied to the other. The mass of block A is 3.80 kg. Block A remains on the floor of the elevator, at rest with respect to the elevator. The mass of block B is 1.40 kg, and block B is also at rest with respect to the elevator, hanging from the rope.(a) Calculate the magnitude of the tension in the rope.
This is the only part of the problem I got correct. My answer: 14 N

I used the equation ...

(-1.4)(10) = -T
14 N = T

to find the tension in the rope attached to weight B, since I figured that only this block would be giving the rope a tension.(b) Calculate the magnitude of the force exerted on block A by the floor of the elevator.

(c) The total mass of the pulley and its support is 0.700 kg. Calculate the magnitude of the force exerted by the ceiling of the elevator on the pulley support.

At some later time, the elevator is moving, and it has an acceleration of 1.60 m/s2, directed down. The blocks remain at rest with respect to the elevator.

(d) Calculate the magnitude of the tension in the rope now.(e) Calculate the magnitude of the force exerted on block A by the floor of the elevator now.

I'm having difficulty solving for remaining portions of this problem. Please provide guidelines and an explanation for how I can go about answering the different parts of this question; I would really like to understand.

Thank you!

Homework Equations


[/B]
ma - mg = -T

The Attempt at a Solution


[/B]
Part a.)

I used the equation ...

(-1.4)(10) = -T
14 N = T

to find the tension in the rope attached to weight B, since I figured that only this block would be giving the rope a tension.
 
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Hello Sagrebella, Welcome to Physics Forums.

You'll need to show some attempt for each part of the problem that you need help on. As a general hint, always start by drawing a Free Body Diagram (FBD) for the components of the system that you are examining. For part (b), for example, draw the FBD for block A.
 
But I can't solve the other parts, I don't know how; this is why I am posting my question on this forum. Please provide guidelines for the individual parts and i'll show you my work once I receive them.
 
that is, once I receive guidelines ...
 
gneill said:
Hello Sagrebella, Welcome to Physics Forums.

You'll need to show some attempt for each part of the problem that you need help on. As a general hint, always start by drawing a Free Body Diagram (FBD) for the components of the system that you are examining. For part (b), for example, draw the FBD for block A.

But I can't solve the other parts, I don't know how; this is why I am posting my question on this forum. Please provide guidelines for the individual parts and then i'll show you my work ...
 
Sagrebella said:
But I can't solve the other parts, I don't know how; this is why I am posting my question on this forum. Please provide guidelines for the individual parts and then i'll show you my work ...
Alas, that's not how things work here; You need to show some attempt before help can be provided. I know it can be frustrating if you are a beginner and having difficulty with the basics, but somewhere in your course materials, notes or textbook, there must be a similar or related example to provide some hint of where to start. Teachers generally don't assign problems without first covering the necessary concepts. As I mentioned previously, drawing the FBD is always a good place to start. If you don't know what an FBD is, then you'll need to go back to your notes and text to find out.
 
gneill said:
Alas, that's not how things work here; You need to show some attempt before help can be provided. I know it can be frustrating if you are a beginner and having difficulty with the basics, but somewhere in your course materials, notes or textbook, there must be a similar or related example to provide some hint of where to start. Teachers generally don't assign problems without first covering the necessary concepts. As I mentioned previously, drawing the FBD is always a good place to start. If you don't know what an FBD is, then you'll need to go back to your notes and text to find out.

Ok, here is one of my best attempts. I've been working on this problem many times so far. I am really confused how to solve c.), so I left it blank. Could you please give me guidelines now? I would really like to understand this problem, I'm really not trying to get an easy homework pass.
 
Here is the first page ...
 

Attachments

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    IMG_3053.JPG
    52.8 KB · Views: 1,205
and here is the second page of my work ...
 

Attachments

  • IMG_3054.JPG
    IMG_3054.JPG
    53.4 KB · Views: 671
  • #10
FYI, you can upload more than one image per post, and you can insert them in-line in your post text to make them full size by selecting the FULL IMAGE icon next to the thumbnail when you are creating your post.

It's unfortunate that your images are not oriented properly, but at least your text is clear. The formulas are simple enough that you would probably be better off typing them in so that they are easily quoted and commented on.

That said, for part (c) you defined a force Fp as "force of pulley". Can you elaborate on what that is?
 
  • #11
gneill said:
That said, for part (c) you defined a force Fp as "force of pulley". Can you elaborate on what that is?

Sorry, "Force pulley" was a mistake. I erased it from the FBD and from the equation.

Anyways, can we solve the problem now? For the parts I did solve, are the answers correct or close to being correct?

Also, sorry, but I was unable to upload a "portrait oriented" image.
IMG_3055.JPG
 
  • #12
Your answers to parts (a) and (b) are correct.

For part (c), what effect do you think the rope has on the pulley? (I was hoping that the Fp would represent that contribution). What force(s) are transmitted to the pulley by the rope?
 
  • #13
Ah, ok, I see what you mean. Perhaps that's what I was originally thinking when I included Fp on my FBD, but after I returned to the problem, I forgot why I put it there in the first place.

Ok, so I re-did my work for part c.), taking into mind the contribution that the rope would transmit to the pulley. Would it be correct to say that Fp = Ft ?
IMG_3056.JPG
 
  • #14
Sagrebella said:
Ok, so I re-did my work for part c.), taking into mind the contribution that the rope would transmit to the pulley. Would it be correct to say that Fp = Ft ?
Close. Note that the rope "attaches" to the pulley twice. The tension is the same for both sides.
 
  • #15
Ok, that makes sense.

I would multiply the Ft by two in order to account for the tension coming from both sides of the weight, correct?

So, in that case ...

Fp = Ft = 14N * 2 = 28N

which gives ...

-28 - 7 - Fn = 0
-35 - Fn = 0
Fn = 35N (directed down)
 
  • #16
gneill said:
Close. Note that the rope "attaches" to the pulley twice. The tension is the same for both sides.

would you mind guiding me through d.) and e.) too please?
 
  • #17
Sagrebella said:
Ok, that makes sense.

I would multiply the Ft by two in order to account for the tension coming from both sides of the weight, correct?

So, in that case ...

Fp = Ft = 14N * 2 = 28N

which gives ...

-28 - 7 - Fn = 0
-35 - Fn = 0
Fn = 35N (directed down)
That's right, but you might want to choose another variable name other than Fn since you used that name previously to mean the force exerted by the floor of the elevator on block A.
 
  • #18
For part (d), in your image for your second page of work (post #9) you showed the following:

upload_2017-2-5_0-48-10.png


What you have calculated here appears to be the change in weight for block A due to the accelerated motion of the elevator rather than the tension in the rope.

Compare this calculation with the method you used for part (a), which also asked for the tension in the rope: Shouldn't mass B play the same role here that it did there?
 
  • #19
Ok, so I re-did my calculations with Block B in mind and got the tension of the rope to be 16 N

m(a-g) = - FtB

1.40(-1.6-10) = - FtB

16N = FtBis this correct? would the overall tension be coming just from block B?
 
  • #20
Sagrebella said:
Ok, so I re-did my calculations with Block B in mind and got the tension of the rope to be 16 N

m(a-g) = - FtB

1.40(-1.6-10) = - FtB

16N = FtBis this correct? would the overall tension be coming just from block B?
You're on the right track but you need to be careful with the signs of the accelerations. The elevator is physically accelerating downwards so it "cancels" some of the effects of the acceleration due to gravity. Imagine for a moment that the elevator were accelerating downwards at g (such as if its lifting cable snapped and it went into free-fall). What would be the apparent weight of block B?

Now in this case the acceleration a is smaller than g but it is still directed downwards. So do you expect the tension in the rope to be larger or smaller than what you calculated in part (a)?
 
  • #21
Would the elevator's downward acceleration be negative relative to g, since you mentioned that it "cancels" some of the effects of g?

making the equation

1.4(10-1.6) = Ft

Ft= 12N

Sorry, I'm still a little confused on this part ... so, if the cable were to snap, with the elevator reaching a downward acceleration of g, wouldn't the apparent weight of block B be smaller than it was at acceleration a?

And since the acceleration of Block B was 0 in part A, but is now 1.60 m/s2 in part D (an increase), would the tension in part B be larger than the tension in Part D?

Again, sorry if what I inferred is a bunch of nonsense. I'm still a little shaky with these concepts.
 
  • #22
Sagrebella said:
Would the elevator's downward acceleration be negative relative to g, since you mentioned that it "cancels" some of the effects of g?
Yes. It's a effect of inertial mass. With downward acceleration of the elevator and its contents, their masses "resist" the acceleration (F = MA).
making the equation

1.4(10-1.6) = Ft

Ft= 12N
Yes, that looks good.
Sorry, I'm still a little confused on this part ... so, if the cable were to snap, with the elevator reaching a downward acceleration of g, wouldn't the apparent weight of block B be smaller than it was at acceleration a?
Yes, in fact in the frame of reference of the elevator, block B (and block A for that matter) would appear "weightless".
And since the acceleration of Block B was 0 in part A, but is now 1.60 m/s2 in part D (an increase), would the tension in part B be larger than the tension in Part D?
No, see above. If the elevator were accelerating upwards then the inertia of the masses would increase the apparent weights, effectively adding to the g. When you are in a car that's accelerating forwards, are you pressed back into your seat or pulled forward into the windscreen? That's an effect of inertia, your body mass resisting the acceleration :wink:
Again, sorry if what I inferred is a bunch of nonsense. I'm still a little shaky with these concepts.
No worries, everyone goes through the same learning experience when the concepts are new. Soon you'll wonder why it ever seemed so tricky. :smile:
 
  • #23
gneill said:
Yes. It's a effect of inertial mass. With downward acceleration of the elevator and its contents, their masses "resist" the acceleration (F = MA).

Yes, that looks good.

Yes, in fact in the frame of reference of the elevator, block B (and block A for that matter) would appear "weightless".

No, see above. If the elevator were accelerating upwards then the inertia of the masses would increase the apparent weights, effectively adding to the g. When you are in a car that's accelerating forwards, are you pressed back into your seat or pulled forward into the windscreen? That's an effect of inertia, your body mass resisting the acceleration :wink:

No worries, everyone goes through the same learning experience when the concepts are new. Soon you'll wonder why it ever seemed so tricky. :smile:

Ah, ok, I think (hopefully) I understand better now: the effect of inertia is what acts on the masses and tension. The greater the upward acceleration, the greater the inertia of the masses (resistance to the acceleration), and the greater the tension in the rope (since the apparent weight of the masses increases and the rope needs to exert a greater upward "pull").

Ok, final part of the question: e.). Would you mind helping me with this last one too please? Your explanations are very helpful :smile:
 
  • #24
For part (e), apply the same method that you did in part (b), keeping in mind the new effective value of "g" that the masses experience.
 
  • #25
Ok, here's my attempt, hopefully it's correct, or at least close to being correct. I will upload my work as a picture this time ...
IMG_3057.JPG
 
  • #26
You have the mass of block A appearing in two places in your work, with different accelerations. That shouldn't happen as a mass can only have one acceleration in a given direction.

For part (b), on page one of your upload images, you wrote:
upload_2017-2-5_21-16-21.png

Note the indicated line. Since block A is stationary in the chosen frame of reference (the elevator), the sum of the forces acting on it must be zero.

The same applies for part (e) where you are looking for the normal force on the elevator floor: Choosing the elevator as the frame of reference, block A is stationary on the floor, so that the sum of forces must be zero in that frame of reference. You can write the same equation using your effective value of "g".
 
  • #27
gneill said:
For part (e), apply the same method that you did in part (b), keeping in mind the new effective value of "g" that the masses experience.

Unfortunately, my answer for part d.) is incorrect (I checked on my Homework website), which means that my part e.) is incorrect too. What could be the issue? :frown:
 
  • #28
Sagrebella said:
Unfortunately, my answer for part d.) is incorrect (I checked on my Homework website), which means that my part e.) is incorrect too. What could be the issue? :frown:
You may have rounded your answer too aggressively :smile: You should never round intermediate values in a calculation, only rounding at the end. Keep a few extra decimal places in all intermediate results to prevent rounding/truncation errors from sneaking into your significant figures.
 
  • #29
gneill said:
You have the mass of block A appearing in two places in your work, with different accelerations. That shouldn't happen as a mass can only have one acceleration in a given direction.

For part (b), on page one of your upload images, you wrote:
View attachment 112620
Note the indicated line. Since block A is stationary in the chosen frame of reference (the elevator), the sum of the forces acting on it must be zero.

The same applies for part (e) where you are looking for the normal force on the elevator floor: Choosing the elevator as the frame of reference, block A is stationary on the floor, so that the sum of forces must be zero in that frame of reference. You can write the same equation using your effective value of "g".

Ok, that makes sense.

and thank you again for your clear explanation, I re-did my equation, taking into mind that the box is stationary on the floor. Also, I changed my overly-rounded answer to 11.8 N instead of 12 N. Hopefully that works.

Now,

FN + FT - FG = 0

FN + 11.8 - m(g-a) = 0

FN + 11.8 - 3.4(10-1.6) = 0

FN + 11.8 - 28.56 = 0

FN = 16.8 N
 
  • #30
Was the mass of block A 3.4 kg or 3.8 kg? I seem to recall it being 3.8 kg.
 

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